In the flexible packaging industry, the quality of food packaging bags plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of the products they contain. This is especially true when it comes to hygiene, as any contamination or degradation of the packaging material can directly affect the food's integrity and consumer health. Therefore, it's essential that all raw materials and additives used in production meet strict quality management standards.
Industry and national regulations for packaging films must be continuously updated and strictly enforced. Enhanced inspection and supervision are necessary to prevent substandard packaging from reaching the market, ensuring the sustainable growth of the flexible packaging sector.
The testing process for single-layer food packaging films typically includes several key categories:
- **Appearance**: The film should be free from defects such as bubbles, pinholes, water lines, excessive streaks, poor plasticization, fish eyes, or other visible flaws that could compromise its usability.
- **Dimensions**: Width, length, and thickness must adhere to specified tolerances to ensure consistency and performance.
- **Physical and Mechanical Properties**: Tensile strength and elongation at break are critical indicators of the bag’s durability during use. If these properties are not up to standard, the packaging may tear or break easily.
- **Hygienic Properties**: These include tests for evaporation residues (such as acetic acid, ethanol, and n-hexane), potassium permanganate consumption, heavy metals, and decolorization. These tests assess the risk of harmful substances leaching into the food, which could affect both health and sensory qualities like taste, color, and aroma.
- **Degradation Performance**: Depending on the type of material, packaging may be designed to degrade through photodegradation, biodegradation, or environmental processes. Good degradation performance ensures that the product will break down naturally after disposal, reducing environmental impact. Poor degradability, however, can lead to "white pollution" and long-term ecological damage.
For composite food packaging films, additional inspection criteria apply:
- **Appearance**: The surface should be smooth, with no scratches, burns, bubbles, oil spots, wrinkles, or false seals. Any separation of layers or presence of impurities is unacceptable.
- **Sensory Properties**: The packaging should have no odor, discoloration, or cloudiness when soaked in liquid.
- **Mechanical and Barrier Properties**: These include tensile strength, gas permeability, oil resistance, heat and cold resistance, and resistance to various media. Peel strength, pressure resistance, and drop resistance also play a role in ensuring the package protects the contents effectively.
- **Hygiene Standards**: Similar to single-layer films, hygienic tests such as residue analysis and heavy metal detection are required.
In addition to these technical requirements, China has specific legal frameworks governing food packaging materials. The *Food Hygiene Law of the People's Republic of China* provides comprehensive guidelines, while the *Management Approach for Food Plastic Products and Raw Materials* focuses specifically on plastic-related items. These laws cover a wide range of products, including short-term-use plastic tableware, containers, pipelines, and transport equipment that come into contact with food.
When manufacturing plastic film bags, the material undergoes heating processes that can cause cracking, oxidation, or degradation. To mitigate this, manufacturers often add antioxidants, heat stabilizers, and other additives. Depending on the application, antistatic agents, anti-fogging agents, and lubricants may also be included to improve performance. All these additives must pass the GB15139 "Food Safety Toxicology Evaluation Procedure" to confirm their safety. However, their usage is limited, and the levels of extractable substances—like evaporation residues or oxidizable compounds—must not exceed established limits.
To ensure the safety of food-contact materials, strict sanitary standards must be followed. This helps prevent the overuse of additives and guarantees that packaging materials are safe and reliable for direct contact with food. By maintaining high-quality control and regulatory compliance, the packaging industry can continue to support food safety and environmental sustainability.
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