The abbreviation of Desktop Publishing System is DTP, and the English name is De Publish. The desktop publishing system combines text layout, image color separation, graphic editing and synthesis, creative design and output of color pictures or color separation films. It is unmatched by previous photoengraving, electronic sub-plate making, and even full-page imposition systems. It brings bright prospects for printing, publishing, packaging and decoration, advertising design and other industries.
However, as computers are widely used in the printing industry, the printing process technology has evolved from analog to digital, and the color desktop publishing system (DTP) widely used today has gradually evolved into a new process technology of computer-to-plate making. CTP (Computer to Plate) technology.
The concept of CTP technology
The computer-to-plate technology (CTP) is a technology that directly copies graphic information through a laser plate-making machine to a plate material through a computer. Can eliminate the film as an intermediate link, is to install a dedicated digital plate on the platesetter, digital imposition files are sent to the computer R, P, through the R, P electronic files sent to the platesetter, so that the electronic signal through the light Or thermal energy imaging on the plate, the plate processed after the plate is made, some CTP process also need to wet the plate material, and then directly on the machine printing. This technology is composed of a prepress system and a laser plate-making machine. It is called a computer-to-plate system and does not require laser imaging machines to output films, make imprints, copy and print, etc.
The advantages of CTP technology
Compared with DTP, CTP technology has the following advantages:
1 good plate-making performance, cancel the film. CTP technology does not require film, uses a new physical imaging technology, completely free from laser generation and the use of photosensitive materials, using inkjet devices to print the required graphics directly on the film, paper, PS layout, reducing the image transfer The number of times, really achieved 10% of the transfer, no content loss, direct output large format, no imposition, revision, but directly copy the image on the plate, so that the dot on the digital plate is a direct imaging Network points, which reduce the loss of the imaging network, can better restore the original color and gradation, so that print images more clean and clear.
2 Improve printing efficiency and shorten production cycle. Because this technology does not require procedures such as filming, rinsing, and printing, the time for plate making is greatly shortened. In particular, newspaper printing companies can postpone printing time and improve efficiency.
3 Simplified work flow, such as film cleaning, printing, traditional proofing, etc., can save manpower, investment in intermediate equipment, and plant area, making the plate making process easier.
430% of CTP equipment is equipped with a perforating device. Generally, the perforating process is performed after exposure. This can ensure accurate positioning of printing plates on the printing press, reducing prepress preparation time for printing roller adjustment, improving printing quality and overprinting. ,positioning accuracy.
In a word, the overprinting effect of the computer-directed plate material on the printing press will be better. When using the CTP printing plate, the amount of water needed to balance with the ink will be less. Therefore, it is easy to achieve a suitable ink density, reducing the original waste and preparation process.
The type of CTP technology
There are two types of computer-to-plate technology (CTP):
1. On-line direct technology This technical feature is the integration of laser platemakers and printers. At the time of plate making, the digital information edited by the computer is directly exposed to the water-free offset printing plate that has been mounted on the plate cylinder by laser, and is automatically cleaned into a printing plate, which is automatically registered and printed. The main application is the rapid short-run print market, with the best economical printing volume of 100 to 5,000.
2. Offline direct technology
This technology is characterized by the separation of the laser platemaker and the printer. At the time of plate making, the digital information of the factory is edited by the computer, and the plate is exposed directly to the laser by laser. After being punched and processed into a printing plate, it can be manually or automatically printed on the plate. Manually on the version of the machine is cheap, but generally requires a darkroom operation, so the efficiency is lower; and automatic version of the equipment, work efficiency, but the price is more expensive, generally more expensive than the manual model 100,000 US dollars about. And, door-action
When a segment is squeezed into a blunt version, it must use a full-size plate with a release paper. There is a layer of light protection film on the surface of the plate, so it can be operated in bright room. In the upper version, the plate surface can be automatically peeled off by means of a plate feeder so that the plate can participate in plate making. This type of equipment is mainly used in mass-produced books, newspapers, and commercial printing markets.
The scope of application of CTP technology
At present, the computer direct plate-making machine on the market can be used for special large-format printing plates with a size of 55 inches by 67 inches; a medium-format format plate with a size of 41 inches, 32 inches, and 22 inches; and a small-format plate with a size smaller than 18 inches. . It is also suitable for single and double color printing and four color printing, newspaper printing and form printing, financial printing, packaging printing and general commercial printing and other needs. Therefore, it is very flexible to use. Moreover, in recent years, the types of plates have also been increasing. The plates used by the CTP system include the following types:
1 silver salt diffusion transfer type;
2 photopolymerization type;
3 Silver salt/polymer composite type;
4 thermal type.
The main problems in the transition from DTP to CTP
CTP technology has many advantages and will be widely used in the future. This has been recognized by the industry at home and abroad. However, after several years of development, China's CTP technology has not yet been widely used. The reason is that there are various questions about the technical and economic aspects of the CTP system.
1. Technical issues
1 The problem of digital process flow before printing.
If direct platemaking technology is used, the printing plant must have the necessary prepress system. There are many printing companies because of the small size and lack of funds, there may be only printing presses and no prepress equipment, because there is a special output center that can output the film, and the printing factory can print and print as long as the film is received from the customer. However, if the printing factory adopts the direct plate making technology, all accepted digital documents provided by customers, the printing factory must purchase the corresponding prepress equipment, and if necessary, scan or modify the customer's work. This is also the case for the enterprise. This type of burden makes it difficult for such small-scale printing companies to reconstruct digital prepress processes. There is the digitalization problem of the film graphics. Prepress digitalization is based on the use of CTP technology. It is a very important issue for the customer to provide the traditional film artwork and how to make the film scan to solve its digitization process. After the film has been scanned, if the digital processing is not good, serious quality problems will occur. Therefore, companies need to carefully study how to use various software and scanning parameters.
2 digital proofing problems.
After the enterprise uses CTP technology, the traditional proofing method can no longer be used, only the digital proofing method is adopted. However, the digital proofing color and the conventional proofing have a certain distance, and the newspaper industry can still accept the situation that the proofing requirement is not high. As for the printing of books and books, some color requirements are high, especially how to deal with some special colors or special requirements for printed matters. This is a problem that needs to be solved. As we all know, the credibility of traditional proofing is very high, because the proofing and making of the plate is the same film, the process is basically the same, so the contents of the manuscript have been guaranteed, such as image, resolution, bleeding, repair Edge and register marks, etc. The CTP outputs color samples to different systems, such as color printers and other digital output devices. In this process, each interpretation of RIP will affect the typesetting format and bring great errors to the final print quality. Unless the RIP problem is solved, the problem of digital proofing will be solved.
One current solution to this problem is: "RIP once, multiple outputs." That is, once a template file is interpreted by a RIP as a vector format or an array of dot meshes, this vector file can be multiple; This removes many repetitive tasks, saves a lot of time, and also ensures sample quality.
Another option is the PDF (Portable File Format) format advocated by Adobe. This format ensures that the file is the same regardless of the device.
3 Imposition issues
Because the layout of the newspapers is very complex, the composition of each page of titles is ever-changing (including electronic documents, films, papers, etc.). Therefore, imposition software is required to have good adaptability and compatibility.
4 color plate problem.
In the traditional platemaking process, the colored plates of various colors are affixed on the film to the respective block plates during the printing process, or are directly output to the facing film by the facing machine. In the new CTP process, there is no color mark on each color plate output by the plate-making machine, so it must be produced in the RIP or imposition software of the CTP system. Direct plate making simplifies the process, but at the same time it also reduces the chances of people seeing defects and checking mistakes. If they are mistaken, they will make mistakes. Once errors are discovered after finishing the plates, the whole plate must be remade. So it can be said that computer-to-platemaking simplifies the process flow. Improve the accuracy of registration, but Mang mistakes need to re-plate, virtually increase the cost. If you use the film to make mistakes, you can make a collage of the film, but if you use direct plate making, you will inadvertently abandon one version. Careful, careful, and careful attention is required during the direct platemaking operation.
5 color management issues.
The problem of color management in computer-to-platemaking is also very important. There is no unified standard. but. Even with uniform standards. Users who have already adopted color management technology may still use the methods they are used to, and because many printers do not believe in color management, their application process will be slow.
2, economic issues
1 Large investment in equipment.
At present, the price of CTP equipment is relatively expensive. The general models offer about RMB 2 million, which limits the use and promotion of this technology in small and medium-sized enterprises. However, if the world's equipment and media manufacturing companies want to comprehensively promote the use of CTP technology in various countries, they must consider their prices in the enterprise's ability to bear in terms of technology, materials and other aspects of continuous research and correction to reduce its cost, especially in many worlds. After the famous prepress manufacturing company joins the competition, technology and selling price will be the main focus of competition. Several units in China have already invested in the research and development of CTP technology funds and manpower, and they are expected to achieve localization as soon as possible.
2 Imported plates are expensive.
Plate material is the bottleneck restricting the promotion and application of computer direct plate making. Judging from the current market, the direct plate version is dependent on imports. Its price is 25% to 40% higher than that of the ordinary PS plate. Considering other factors (such as remaking), actually using CTP technology will cost 33% to 60% of the cost of printing media for companies engaged in commercial printing, and 10% higher for newspaper printing companies. 0% to 150%, new plates that do not require development are more expensive. If the thermal plate can be mass-produced in the future, the price will be cheaper, equivalent to twice the price of the PS plate. Therefore, the localization of the plate will be particularly prominent.
Successfully DTP Technology to CTP Technology
The basic needs of the transformation
The key to the smooth transition from DTP to CTP is:
1 It is necessary to pay attention to the interface technology with the front-end system, that is, the data exchange technology between the color prepress processing systems, and the improvement of the data and technology of the back-end equipment. For large-capacity files, data exchange speed and data transfer speed are of utmost importance.
2 It requires companies to establish a complete set of new electronic document management systems and improve data preservation and retrieval technologies.
3 The requirements for color management technology and RIP technology are also important. Large-capacity files require RIP's powerful processing capabilities to achieve efficient work efficiency.
4 Have more than two years of experience in using Postscript electronic prepress systems; this experience ensures that prepress technicians are familiar with the basic file
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