NFC, or Near Field Communication, is a short-range wireless technology developed by NXP and supported by major companies like Nokia and Sony. It integrates the functions of an inductive card reader, an inductive card, and peer-to-peer communication into a single chip, allowing devices to identify and exchange data over very short distances.
NFC operates at a frequency of 13.56 MHz and typically works within a range of up to 10 cm. It follows international standards such as ISO/IEC 18092, ECMA-340, and ETSI TS 102 190. Additionally, it is compatible with widely used contactless smart card standards like ISO/IEC 14443 Type A, B, and Felica. The technology also adheres to the latest NFC specifications set by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), ensuring seamless integration for future NFC-enabled devices and services.
The PN544 is a key component that offers full compatibility with SWP (Single Wire Protocol) for SIM cards and Host Controller Interface (HCI). This makes it ideal for mobile phone manufacturers and telecom operators looking to implement next-generation NFC solutions. The PN65O builds upon the PN544 by adding NXP’s SmartMX security module, enhancing the system’s security features.
Both the PN544 and PN65O are designed with hardware compatibility in mind, supporting various host interfaces such as High Speed UART, SPI, I2C, and RF protocols like ISO14443A/B, ISO15693, MIFARE, and Felica. NXP collaborates closely with leading SIM card providers like Gemalto, Oberthur Technologies, and Giesecke & Devrient to ensure smooth interoperability, especially with MIFARE technology.
In terms of design, the overall structure of an NFC e-wallet involves several key components. The block diagram of the PN544/PN65O includes the RF section, EMC circuit, antenna matching, and receiving circuits. These elements work together to ensure reliable communication and power efficiency.
The RF section consists of an EMC filter, matching circuit, receiver, and antenna. The EMC circuit uses an LC low-pass filter to suppress high-order harmonics generated by the 13.56 MHz quartz crystal, ensuring compliance with electromagnetic compatibility regulations. The antenna matching circuit optimizes energy transfer between the NFC IC and the antenna coil, minimizing signal reflection and energy loss.
The receiving circuit, composed of resistors R127, C118, R128, and C119, uses the internal Vmid potential as the input for the RX pin. Grounding the Vmid through a capacitor helps reduce noise and improves the drive voltage for the RX pin. This setup ensures stable and efficient data reception.
Additionally, the interface between the NFC controller and the SIM card’s security module is carefully designed to support secure transactions and data exchanges. This makes NFC a powerful solution for mobile payments and secure information sharing in modern smartphones.
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