NFC, or Near Field Communication, is a short-range wireless technology developed by NXP and supported by industry leaders such as Nokia and Sony. It integrates the functions of an inductive card reader, an inductive card, and peer-to-peer communication into a single chip, enabling data exchange and identification with compatible devices over short distances.
NFC operates at a frequency of 13.56 MHz and has a typical working range of up to 10 cm. It adheres to international standards such as ISO/IEC 18092, ECMA-340, and ETSI TS 102 190. Additionally, it is compatible with widely used contactless smart card standards like ISO/IEC 14443 Type A, B, and Felica.
The PN544 is a highly integrated NFC controller that supports the latest NFC specifications from the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). It offers full compatibility for next-generation NFC devices and services, supporting both Single Wire Protocol (SWP) for SIM cards and Host Controller Interface (HCI). This makes it an ideal platform for mobile phone manufacturers and telecom operators.
The PN65O builds upon the PN544 by adding NXP's SmartMX security module, enhancing its capabilities for secure transactions. Both the PN544 and PN65O are hardware-compatible, allowing for flexible integration. They support multiple host interfaces, including High-Speed UART, SPI, I2C, and various RF protocols such as ISO/IEC 14443A/B, ISO/IEC 15693, MIFARE, and Felica. NXP also collaborates closely with leading SIM card manufacturers like Gemalto, Oberthur Technologies, and Giesecke & Devrient to ensure seamless interoperability, especially with MIFARE technology.
The overall structure of an NFC e-wallet system typically includes the PN544 or PN65O chip, which serves as the core component. The block diagram of the PN544/PN65O is shown in Figure 1, illustrating the hardware circuit design.
The advantages of the PN544 and PN65O include their compact size, low power consumption, support for battery shutdown and low-power modes, and flexibility in software stack configuration. They also offer GPIO ports for external control, interrupt signals for easier command communication, support for security unit interfaces, and an integrated power control unit.
In terms of the latest NFC e-wallet solution from NXP, the system is based on mobile phones as a payment platform. The PN544 NFC controller (with the PN65O featuring an embedded security module) enables secure mobile payments and data exchange.
The RF section of the system includes an EMC filter, a matching circuit, a receiver circuit, and an antenna. The EMC circuit is essential for suppressing higher-order harmonics generated at 13.56 MHz, using an LC low-pass filter to meet electromagnetic compatibility requirements.
The antenna matching circuit ensures efficient energy transfer between the NFC IC and the antenna coil, minimizing signal reflection and energy loss. The receiver circuit, consisting of components like R127, C118, R128, and C119, uses internal Vmid potential as the input for the RX pin, with capacitors grounded to reduce noise and improve signal integrity.
Finally, the interface circuit between the NFC module and the SIM card’s security module plays a crucial role in ensuring secure and reliable communication. This setup is vital for applications involving sensitive data and financial transactions.
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