Application of domestic centrifuge in sludge dewatering in refinery ![]()
Abstract: Zhou Shao applied the application of horizontal centrifugal sedimentation separators in the "three sludge" dewatering of the refinery and sludge dewatering of the PTA plant. The concentration of the slag and oil sludge in the refinery was about 98%, and then dewatered by the centrifuge . After filtering, the water content of the city is 99%, and the content of the filtered water is 75% -85%. After the TA has been filled and dehydrated, it has been dehydrated by tL, ~ OL, the de-aging rate has reached 80% -90%, and the city is clear and transparent after filtration.
The dehydration of "three sludges" (oil sludge, scum, activated sludge) produced in the refinery sewage treatment has always been a problem. The problem of dehydration of oil sludge and scum is particularly prominent. In the past, vacuum drum filters were used for dehydration. Due to its shortcomings such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, and high labor intensity, it cannot be used normally, which makes the rear road of oil refining sewage treatment impractical, and a large amount of sludge has to be transported out.
Since 1995, with the strong assistance of Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Company and other units, Sinopec Luoyang Branch began to use horizontal centrifugal sedimentation separators (hereinafter referred to as centrifuges) for the "three mud" dehydration of the refinery and put into operation in 2000 In the sludge dewatering of the PTA device, good results have been achieved. 】 Feeding properties and conditioning According to the working nature of the centrifuge, to achieve separation there must be a density difference between solid and liquid. For TA sludge produced in PTA wastewater treatment, this is easy to do, and the sedimentation performance of _rA residue is very good. For the "three sludge" of oil refining wastewater, some work needs to be done, because the solid particles are extremely fine, the density difference is very small, and the suspended particles of the sludge are charged, and their colloidal properties are stable and difficult to separate. Slag and activated sludge hardly settle, and its water content is as high as 98%. On the basis of consulting a lot of data and research, it is believed that the sludge needs to be conditioned first to destroy the colloidal stable state of its solid medium and make it agglomerate, so that the sludge and water are separated and the agglomerate is good. Therefore, more than thirty kinds of domestically produced pharmaceuticals were tested in the laboratory, and six pharmaceuticals were screened out for industrial testing and achieved good results.
2 Selection of centrifuge
2] Differential speed ratio Different materials have different settling speeds and different degrees of agglomeration, so different differential speed ratios should be used. When the other parameters remain unchanged, the differential speed is large, the solid material is pushed out faster, the amount increases, and the liquid content increases, the shaft power generally decreases, but the separation effect will decrease, that is, the solid content in the filtered liquid Will increase. As the differential speed increases, it actually acts as a stirrer in the drum. Choosing the right differential ratio is the first factor to consider when choosing a model.
2.2 Aspect ratio Aspect ratio is the ratio of the axial length of the centrifuge drum to its diameter. The working area of ​​the centrifuge is divided into several areas such as feeding, sedimentation, drying, and unloading. The length of the settlement area is the main parameter that determines the separation effect. The longer the settlement area, the greater the aspect ratio, the better the separation effect, but the greater the shaft power. Different length-to-diameter ratios should be selected according to different media properties (mainly settlement performance), and should be considered in combination with differential speed ratios.
2.3 Power
Choosing a larger power can improve the processing capacity, especially when the settlement performance of the medium is very good.
The user has certain difficulty in choosing the model. In the face of new media or media without successful use experience, relevant tests should be conducted.
3 Determination of operating parameters
3 1 Adjustment of overflow port diameter There are four options for the overflow port diameter of a general centrifuge. The larger the diameter of the overflow, the longer the drying zone, and the lower the water content of the filter cake, but the higher the solid content of the filtered liquid, so the appropriate overflow diameter should be adjusted. For the "three mud" that is not easy to settle, it should be smaller, and for the medium that is easy to settle, such as TA residue, it should be larger.
3.2 Rotation speed According to the working principle of the centrifuge, the higher the rotation speed, the better the separation effect, the dryer the filter cake, the cleaner the filtered liquid, and the greater the shaft power. This is an important parameter in actual operation, but it is not to say that the speed The higher the better. Generally speaking, for the medium that is easy to settle, the higher the speed, the greater the shaft power, which is easy to cause the mechanical or solid material to be pushed out, causing the material to block. Therefore, the appropriate speed should be selected according to the factors such as the power of the centrifuge, the feed, the dehydration effect and other factors. For the "three muds" that are not easy to settle, when the rotation speed is high to a certain value, there will be a phenomenon that the separation effect decreases, the sludge production decreases, and the solid content in the filtered liquid increases. When the rotation speed is reduced, the mud production fork will increase. This is because the material slips in the drum and cannot be pushed out. At the same time, as the speed increases, the absolute differential increases, and the stirring effect of the spiral drum is enhanced.
4 System factor analysis
4.1 Flocculant According to experience, the selection of polyacrylamide as flocculant is more suitable for "three muds", but the use of different models of products from different manufacturers varies greatly. The main difference is the size and electrical properties of the relative molecular mass. For example, it is better to use non-ionic scum and cationic type for activated sludge, and it is easier to dewater the TA residue without adding flocculant. In short, it is necessary to screen different flocculants through experiments. A total of 36 domestic organic polymer flocculants and more than ten inorganic flocculants were screened in the laboratory. A total of more than ten batches of tests were conducted. A total of 2100 data were obtained. Six of them were selected for industrial application. Among them, type 520 cationic polyacrylamide and oA) 00 type non-ionic polyacrylamide have better effects, and have the characteristics of fast flocculation, saving medicine and good agglomeration. In the laboratory, the optimal concentration for scum is 80-100 mg / L, and for activated sludge is 50-80 mg / L. In industrial applications, the optimal concentration of scum is 9-50 ~ 300mg / L, and the active sludge is still being tested.
4 2 Dosing points Having a good flocculant does not necessarily achieve good practical results. The choice of dosing point is also critical. In the past, the medicine was added to the centrifuge before dehydration before the medium was concentrated. This period of time required about 2 days. In this process, the sludge floc forks that have been concentrated into agglomerates will fuse together, forming a more stable colloid that cannot be separated. Even if additional filter aids or other flocculants are added, there is no significant difference. effect. But now the flocculation Jing is added directly before entering the filter, because the flocculation reaction process of sludge can be completed in more than ten seconds, so the medium has completely flocculated after entering the filter, so the best results can be obtained. Practice has proved the same.
4.3 Dosing amount of medicament The addition of flocculant must have accurate and adjustable means. If the dosage is small, it will not work, and the flocculation effect will be poor; while the dosage is too large, it will cause waste, on the other hand, if the dosage exceeds a certain limit, reverse colloid will be formed, making the medium unable to separate. Therefore, it is best to use a metering pump for accurate dosing to obtain the best results.
5 running effect
5.1 PTA sludge dehydration For PTA sewage, whether it can reach the standard discharge, the key is whether the TA residue can be removed before entering the biochemical device. And this link depends on acid precipitation and TA residue dehydration. From oA) May 2000 to date. The effect is satisfactory. After TA is dehydrated by acid precipitation and centrifuge, the removal rate reaches 80% to 90%. The feed solid content of the centrifuge is about 20%, the liquid solid content after filtration can be less than 0.1%, and the water content of the TA residue is 25% to 40%, which is powdered.
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The dehydration of "three sludges" (oil sludge, scum, activated sludge) produced in the refinery sewage treatment has always been a problem. The problem of dehydration of oil sludge and scum is particularly prominent. In the past, vacuum drum filters were used for dehydration. Due to its shortcomings such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, and high labor intensity, it cannot be used normally, which makes the rear road of oil refining sewage treatment impractical, and a large amount of sludge has to be transported out.
Since 1995, with the strong assistance of Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Company and other units, Sinopec Luoyang Branch began to use horizontal centrifugal sedimentation separators (hereinafter referred to as centrifuges) for the "three mud" dehydration of the refinery and put into operation in 2000 In the sludge dewatering of the PTA device, good results have been achieved. 】 Feeding properties and conditioning According to the working nature of the centrifuge, to achieve separation there must be a density difference between solid and liquid. For TA sludge produced in PTA wastewater treatment, this is easy to do, and the sedimentation performance of _rA residue is very good. For the "three sludge" of oil refining wastewater, some work needs to be done, because the solid particles are extremely fine, the density difference is very small, and the suspended particles of the sludge are charged, and their colloidal properties are stable and difficult to separate. Slag and activated sludge hardly settle, and its water content is as high as 98%. On the basis of consulting a lot of data and research, it is believed that the sludge needs to be conditioned first to destroy the colloidal stable state of its solid medium and make it agglomerate, so that the sludge and water are separated and the agglomerate is good. Therefore, more than thirty kinds of domestically produced pharmaceuticals were tested in the laboratory, and six pharmaceuticals were screened out for industrial testing and achieved good results.
2 Selection of centrifuge
2] Differential speed ratio Different materials have different settling speeds and different degrees of agglomeration, so different differential speed ratios should be used. When the other parameters remain unchanged, the differential speed is large, the solid material is pushed out faster, the amount increases, and the liquid content increases, the shaft power generally decreases, but the separation effect will decrease, that is, the solid content in the filtered liquid Will increase. As the differential speed increases, it actually acts as a stirrer in the drum. Choosing the right differential ratio is the first factor to consider when choosing a model.
2.2 Aspect ratio Aspect ratio is the ratio of the axial length of the centrifuge drum to its diameter. The working area of ​​the centrifuge is divided into several areas such as feeding, sedimentation, drying, and unloading. The length of the settlement area is the main parameter that determines the separation effect. The longer the settlement area, the greater the aspect ratio, the better the separation effect, but the greater the shaft power. Different length-to-diameter ratios should be selected according to different media properties (mainly settlement performance), and should be considered in combination with differential speed ratios.
2.3 Power
Choosing a larger power can improve the processing capacity, especially when the settlement performance of the medium is very good.
The user has certain difficulty in choosing the model. In the face of new media or media without successful use experience, relevant tests should be conducted.
3 Determination of operating parameters
3 1 Adjustment of overflow port diameter There are four options for the overflow port diameter of a general centrifuge. The larger the diameter of the overflow, the longer the drying zone, and the lower the water content of the filter cake, but the higher the solid content of the filtered liquid, so the appropriate overflow diameter should be adjusted. For the "three mud" that is not easy to settle, it should be smaller, and for the medium that is easy to settle, such as TA residue, it should be larger.
3.2 Rotation speed According to the working principle of the centrifuge, the higher the rotation speed, the better the separation effect, the dryer the filter cake, the cleaner the filtered liquid, and the greater the shaft power. This is an important parameter in actual operation, but it is not to say that the speed The higher the better. Generally speaking, for the medium that is easy to settle, the higher the speed, the greater the shaft power, which is easy to cause the mechanical or solid material to be pushed out, causing the material to block. Therefore, the appropriate speed should be selected according to the factors such as the power of the centrifuge, the feed, the dehydration effect and other factors. For the "three muds" that are not easy to settle, when the rotation speed is high to a certain value, there will be a phenomenon that the separation effect decreases, the sludge production decreases, and the solid content in the filtered liquid increases. When the rotation speed is reduced, the mud production fork will increase. This is because the material slips in the drum and cannot be pushed out. At the same time, as the speed increases, the absolute differential increases, and the stirring effect of the spiral drum is enhanced.
4 System factor analysis
4.1 Flocculant According to experience, the selection of polyacrylamide as flocculant is more suitable for "three muds", but the use of different models of products from different manufacturers varies greatly. The main difference is the size and electrical properties of the relative molecular mass. For example, it is better to use non-ionic scum and cationic type for activated sludge, and it is easier to dewater the TA residue without adding flocculant. In short, it is necessary to screen different flocculants through experiments. A total of 36 domestic organic polymer flocculants and more than ten inorganic flocculants were screened in the laboratory. A total of more than ten batches of tests were conducted. A total of 2100 data were obtained. Six of them were selected for industrial application. Among them, type 520 cationic polyacrylamide and oA) 00 type non-ionic polyacrylamide have better effects, and have the characteristics of fast flocculation, saving medicine and good agglomeration. In the laboratory, the optimal concentration for scum is 80-100 mg / L, and for activated sludge is 50-80 mg / L. In industrial applications, the optimal concentration of scum is 9-50 ~ 300mg / L, and the active sludge is still being tested.
4 2 Dosing points Having a good flocculant does not necessarily achieve good practical results. The choice of dosing point is also critical. In the past, the medicine was added to the centrifuge before dehydration before the medium was concentrated. This period of time required about 2 days. In this process, the sludge floc forks that have been concentrated into agglomerates will fuse together, forming a more stable colloid that cannot be separated. Even if additional filter aids or other flocculants are added, there is no significant difference. effect. But now the flocculation Jing is added directly before entering the filter, because the flocculation reaction process of sludge can be completed in more than ten seconds, so the medium has completely flocculated after entering the filter, so the best results can be obtained. Practice has proved the same.
4.3 Dosing amount of medicament The addition of flocculant must have accurate and adjustable means. If the dosage is small, it will not work, and the flocculation effect will be poor; while the dosage is too large, it will cause waste, on the other hand, if the dosage exceeds a certain limit, reverse colloid will be formed, making the medium unable to separate. Therefore, it is best to use a metering pump for accurate dosing to obtain the best results.
5 running effect
5.1 PTA sludge dehydration For PTA sewage, whether it can reach the standard discharge, the key is whether the TA residue can be removed before entering the biochemical device. And this link depends on acid precipitation and TA residue dehydration. From oA) May 2000 to date. The effect is satisfactory. After TA is dehydrated by acid precipitation and centrifuge, the removal rate reaches 80% to 90%. The feed solid content of the centrifuge is about 20%, the liquid solid content after filtration can be less than 0.1%, and the water content of the TA residue is 25% to 40%, which is powdered.
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