Everyone in the printing industry almost knows these six brands of offset presses: Heidelberg, Manroland, KBA, Mitsubishi, Komori, Akiyama, etc. Of course, there are other brands of offset printing machines such as Shinohara, Sakurai, etc. Due to space limitations, this article only discusses the offset presses of the first six brands.
Heidelberg
Heidelberg has a long history in China and a relatively large influence, and its sales volume is also the largest in China. In the mid-1990s, Heidelberg changed the traditional rotary paper transfer mechanism used on its folio and four-starter into a hem-type paper transfer mechanism, and its machine speed can reach more than 15,000 rpm. Compared with other machines, Heidelberg's pendulum-type paper delivery mechanism is a conjugate cam mechanism that directly adopts the form of a cam pendulum (relatively simpler than other mechanisms), and the opening and closing tooth mechanism uses a cam-driven fork structure. Both of these structures are unique.
Another special place is that the middle traditional drum adopts a triple-diameter structure, which increases the distance between the units and increases the operating space. The relative processing difficulty of the triple-diameter roller is much greater than that of the double-diameter roller, and installation and commissioning are relatively difficult. The new H105 changes its triple-diameter cylinder to a double-diameter cylinder, and the speed of the machine can reach 18,000 rpm (H105 is a wide-format printing equipment launched by Heidelberg, which has a relatively large advantage compared with H102 , The ability to adapt to printing is stronger, especially suitable for packaging and printing. Its paper conveying part adopts a unique blast-type transmission technology, which can maintain good transmission characteristics according to different substrates) equipment consumables. Judging from the overall trend, there are many double-diameter structures used in the paper transfer cylinders. Heidelberg's off-stage pressure machinery has always used a three-point suspension structure, which can play a role in safety protection, but its high-speed off-stage pressure sound is relatively high when working at high speeds.
The PM52 launched by Heidelberg in the past two years is a product between GTO52 and SM52. The degree of automation of this product is between the two, but the price is relatively moderate. Heidelberg's Feida structure is relatively simple. Although it has improved in the past two years, its overall ability to adapt to tissues is slightly weaker. The new Heidelberg SM52 can be equipped with a cylinder die-cutting device, which integrates printing and die-cutting, which greatly improves the printing efficiency. At present, CP2000 is the representative work of Heidelberg. It is characterized by easy operation. Two people can complete the operation, which not only improves the efficiency, but also reduces the cost. It uses a pull gauge, a push gauge, one for thin paper and one for thick paper, so its printing adaptability is relatively wide. Another representative product of Heidelberg presses is double-sided printing. The printing equipment of this structure has multiple sets of sets (l + 10 + 2, l + 40 + 5, 4 + 4), which provides a very good choice for users. Large and convenient, one-sided printing can complete double-sided monochrome or multi-color printing. However, the current problem faced by this product in the domestic market is that the maintenance of its flip part is more troublesome. Theoretically, this structure does need to be further improved and improved in technology.
Manroland
Manroland machines have a relatively large influence in China, especially in the southern market. The impression of manroland machine is that it is durable, high precision and high degree of automation. Different from the Heidelberg machine, its folio series printing machine cylinder diameter is 300mm, and the paper transmission line completely adopts the non-contact double-diameter cylinder structure. The version of the ink roller adopts a mechanism that can be moved (other manufacturers also have a similar structure), which can eliminate ghosts.
The impression roller of the Manroland machine uses hollow roller bearings, which have a certain preload during installation, which can eliminate the bearing gap during installation. Hollow roller bearings are considered to be an ideal bearing structure, but their processing is relatively difficult and the requirements for tolerances are particularly strict. The plate roller and rubber roller adopt sliding bearings (copper sleeve structure), which has strong impact resistance and high requirements on the oil circuit. If the oil circuit works poorly, it will cause excessive friction during high-speed operation.
Another feature of the Manroland machine is that it uses a long shaft to provide power. From the first group to the fourth group, a long sleeve is used to drive the relevant mechanism of each unit through the long axis. The advantage of this mechanism is that it can be guaranteed. All the units work synchronously, reducing the transmission error between the gears.
The Manroland machine is also equipped with a double paper feed mechanism, which can be used either in roll paper feeding or single sheet paper feeding. When using the roll paper feeding method, the paper roll part and the cut part of the roll paper can be fed into the paper feeding part. When using a single-sheet paper feeder, just leave this part away. The manroland machine has been thoughtfully considered in the design of the Feida structure. It uses four paper suction nozzles and eight paper feed nozzles, and it has a strong adaptability to thin and thick paper. Manroland machines can complete post-press operations such as hot stamping, embossing, die cutting and punching online, which saves a lot of post-press operation time, which is also the most integrated printing equipment in all printing machines.
Manroland machines are also equipped with online image monitoring, online color detection, online quality control and other quality control systems. These information can be connected to the network so that users can understand their print quality status. Roland 900 is a wide format printing machine, its maximum format can reach 1.8m wide, which is almost the widest in all printing presses, it is particularly suitable for packaging printing, the maximum thickness can reach 1.6mm (can be used for cardboard and other printing).
KBA
KBA comes from a famous family. Most of the money printing machines in the world come from KBA, so its printing machine design technology and manufacturing technology are also the best in the world. The latest KBA paper delivery mechanism uses a two-speed acceleration mechanism. The paper feeder first increases the paper speed to about 60% of the maximum speed to the paper transfer roller, and then accelerates to the highest speed again through the paper transfer roller to the imprint roller. Therefore, the maximum speed of the machine can reach 20,000 rpm, which is the highest speed printing machine in the world. Its Feida presser foot does not have a blower, so its inertia is relatively small during work, suitable for high-speed operation. The feeder head can float up and down, and is always at a prescribed distance from the surface of the paper, thereby greatly improving the stability and reliability of paper transportation. At present, only KBA Company adopts this technology, and the Feida heads of other manufacturers are not fixed.
Komori
The more prominent feature of Komori machines is the use of an electric off-stage pressure mechanism, and all other machines use a pneumatic off-stage pressure mechanism. The biggest feature of the electric off-stage pressure mechanism is its simple structure and relatively low failure rate. The disadvantage of the pneumatic off-stage pressure mechanism is that the cylinder exerts more force and is easy to leak air. This revolutionary technological advancement by Komori is also another major advancement in clutch pressure technology. The double paper delivery mechanism is another main feature of Komori machines. It can not only solve the problem of replacing the paper delivery table at high speed, but also use this part for waste disposal. This feature is also an important sign that Komori machine is different from other printing machines. From these aspects, it can be seen that Komori has invested a lot in research and development. For example, if it uses an eccentric upward-swinging paper transfer mechanism, the speed can reach 15,000 rpm, and this set of institutions usually thinks that it can only reach 10,000 rpm. about.
Akiyama
The biggest feature of Qiushan machine is that the roller opening and closing tooth mechanism uses a conjugate cam mechanism, which is its unique patent. This structure fundamentally eliminates the inertia problem caused by the opening and closing tooth spring. This structure is simple and reliable. Another feature of Qiushan machine is that the drum adopts 3 • 4 • 3 structure. The advantage of this structure is that it greatly reduces the number of transfers, but its disadvantage is that it is more difficult to process, it is not easy to ensure accuracy, and maintenance is more troublesome. Because it reduces the bending and reaction force of the paper, it is good for thick paper printing. Another feature of Qiushan machine is that the four units can be changed at the same time, which improves the speed of the change. In addition, the cardboard can be inserted automatically for easy operation. Qiushan's double-sided printing equipment is more distinctive. It adopts the upper and lower structure of the grouping mechanism, that is, one group of ink on the top, another group of ink on the bottom, and so on. The printing of each group is completed by the direct impression cylinder, that is, the printing quality is the same as that of the single-sided printing equipment. The characteristic of this structure is that the paper turning mechanism is removed, and the space is small, but the height of this machine is higher than that of the Mitsubishi double-sided printing machine. Due to these remarkable features of this model, it has the possibility of replacing a small part of the commercial rotation market (mainly because its price is much lower than that of commercial rotation).
Mitsubishi
The sales volume of Mitsubishi printing presses in China has risen sharply, and it is characterized by easy operation. The paper delivery mechanism of Mitsubishi uses a high-point closed-tooth mechanism, so its speed can reach more than 17,000 rpm. Its design of this set of mechanism is quite unique, and it is also one of its patented equipment consumables. The roller adopts tapered bearing, which is convenient for installation and debugging. To maintain high precision, the key depends on the quality of the bearing and the technical level during installation and commissioning. The presser foot structure also does not have a blower. In addition, the feeder part uses 4 paper suction nozzles and 4 paper feed nozzles, which has better adaptability to paper. The structure of the double-sided printing equipment developed by Mitsubishi is unique. The first four sets of ink are on the top, and the back four sets of ink are on the bottom, so the paper does not need to be turned during the printing process. In addition, other devices such as drying can be installed in the middle. The biggest feature of this structure is the eradication of the overturning mechanism. The biggest disadvantage is that the machine occupies too much area and is not as convenient to use as the equipment of other manufacturers (the equipment of other manufacturers can be used for five colors or 4 + 1). The gripping teeth have strong adaptability and no adjustment (less than 250 / m2). Vibration damping mechanism is installed inside the drum. The printing of fine work pieces has relatively high requirements on the operator. Maintenance is troublesome.
At present, these brands of printing machines have their own characteristics, but in general, the printing quality of German equipment is relatively high, which is generally reflected in the high printing pressure, good stability, and low maintenance rate. The Japanese equipment has a certain distance compared with the German equipment, but if the operator level is relatively high, the print quality can also reach a fairly high level. Similarly, if the level of operators is low, German machines can not print good products. For most printed products, there is no significant difference between the two machines.
With the promotion and use of the JDF process, the printing equipment of major manufacturers all have corresponding interfaces. As long as the relevant information is transmitted to the printing equipment through the network, the various process parameters on the entire printing equipment can be adjusted in place according to the prescribed requirements, eliminating A lot of labor-assisted labor.
The significant development trends of printing presses are mainly concentrated in the following aspects: First, the increase in speed, it is expected that the speed of printing presses will gradually increase to about 20,000 rpm, and the highest may reach 25,000 rpm. The second is the increasingly manifestation of multi-functionalization, especially the integration of post-press and printing equipment is a development trend, which has been particularly prominent from the 2004 Drupa exhibition. The third is an automatic tracking detection system, which mainly detects related technical indicators such as ink volume, water volume, and printing quality, thus laying the foundation for the automatic control of the printing press.
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