In recent years, residential industrialization has developed rapidly under the support of national policies. A number of industrialized residential buildings have emerged, and residential industrialization has entered the fast lane of development, especially the development of information technology, which has promoted the industrialization of housing to automation and integration. And intelligent development. The emergence of 3D printed concrete buildings fully demonstrates the bright prospects for the future industrialization of residential development. The intelligent realization of the construction industry is not a castle in the air. Not long ago, a construction company in Shanghai built two buildings with 3D printers . Shanghai's 1,100-square-meter villa, and the other is a six-story residential building in Suzhou, which is currently the world's tallest 3D printed building .
3D printing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology, and its characteristics that are not limited by product structure determine that it has sufficient use in many industries. From another perspective, 3D printing is just an advanced manufacturing technique and a tool. Its value as a product itself is not high, and it needs to realize value in industrial applications. It is a process in which technical advantages and user needs gradually fit together. For 3D printed concrete buildings, cost, raw materials and structural safety are key points for their future development.
3D printed concrete structure analysis
At present, 3D printing concrete building is to modularize the whole building, print the building industrialization module with 3D printer, and finally transport it to the construction site for assembly. Therefore, the production and construction process is basically the same as the PC component industrialized residence. The difference is that in these 3D printed walls, panels and other modules, there is no steel bar, but the combination of cement and fiberglass is used to improve the tensile strength of the entire concrete structure, thereby realizing the construction of a 6-story residential building with unreinforced concrete structures. .
At present, domestic residential industrialized PC structural systems are divided into two categories, one is a fully assembled structure, and the other is a partially cast-in-place partially assembled structure. For example, Vanke researches and develops the integrated residential structure system, which is actually imported from Japan. Its beams, columns and shear walls are cast-in-place as load-bearing structures; the floor is prefabricated with precast slabs and cast-in-place laminated semi-prefabricated; The exterior walls, stairs, and balconies are all prefabricated components. The fifth-generation integrated home of Yuanda’s migrant workers is similar. Therefore, from the current situation in China, most of them adopt semi-prefabricated structural systems. Only large-scale sustainable buildings adopt fully-assembled steel structures, all of which are bolted and can be connected with 6 layers a day. Various new types of fabricated building structures have also emerged.
3D printing concrete building, as the most advanced technology of residential industrialization, is to break through the semi-prefabricated structure system, adopt the full assembly structure, and even the whole process of 3D printing, can realize the process of completely transforming the construction industry from traditional construction to manufacturing. In addition to the basics, the future even includes the basic use of 3D printing to achieve true intelligent manufacturing and the use of virtual assembly technology. The virtual assembly adopts computer simulation and virtual reality technology, and simulates the simulation on the computer through the simulation model to realize the optimization plan of the process planning, manufacturing and on-site assembly of the product.
For the 3D printed building module, the unreinforced structure is designed to facilitate printing on the one hand, and to achieve the advantages of light, thin and strong 3D printed concrete modules on the other hand, using different types of concrete to print different functions, Structure of the building module. Therefore, 3D printed concrete has a wider range of raw materials and more varieties. The mechanism of coagulation hardening and strength will break through the theoretical scope of traditional concrete. Durability and safety are still to be studied and demonstrated.
As technology continues to evolve, even giant 3D printers will appear in the future, printing the entire building on site, similar to the main structure of a 3D printer with a double gantry style, the printer can be lifted and lowered like a tower crane, and a number of variable position purlins are placed on the top. A print head is arranged on each stringer, and ten to ten print heads are arranged according to the size of the area. The vertical structure of the building can be printed directly on the floor. The modular structural steel bars are hung on the site by cranes for welding assembly. The print head can be sandwiched with steel mesh layers like a tool of ancient rammed earth wall. Stack the concrete. Once this giant printer appears, it will bring huge changes to the entire commercial concrete industry, and it is also a huge challenge for small and medium-sized commercial concrete enterprises. This concrete technology for 3D printing is more complicated and quality. More demanding.
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