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In early August, "Cell Reportes" published an article revealing that eating at an abnormal time would destroy the skin's biological clock. Now, an article in the journal Nature Neuroscience indicates a neural circuit that regulates the pleasure of eating in the mouse brain. Scientists have recently discovered that a key neuron stimulates mice to eat and promotes the well-being of mice.
Eating also involves a reward mechanism. The better the food tastes, the easier it is to satisfy. Now, scientists from the Max Planck Institute (MPI) and the Friedrich Miescher Institute have used mice as a model to discover neural circuits that regulate the pleasure of eating.
The article, published in Nature Neuroscience, reveals that a key neuron stimulates mice to eat and promotes the well-being of mice.
A key neuron: HTR2a
Previous studies of the brain have shown that brain reward mechanisms affect appetite, and the central nuclear region of the amygdala (CeA) is involved in regulating food intake and reward mechanisms, but it is unclear which neurons and circuits drive these behaviors. The amygdala is the key brain area in the brain that handles emotions, decisions, learning, and memory.
Rüdiger Klein, author of the article, professor of the California Institute of Technology and director of neuroscience at MPI, has confirmed that PKC-delta, a key neuron in the CeA region, stops mice from eating.
Professor Rüdiger Klein hopes to screen for other neurons associated with appetite and eating behavior. In the end, they locked their eyes on the different types of neurons, HTR2a, also in the CeA region.
Professor Rüdiger Klein and the team used a range of innovative techniques, including optogenetics and neuronal calcium imaging techniques to study selected neurons. Among them, optogenetics means that the sensitivity of neurons to light is enhanced by genetic engineering techniques, and then the activity of the neurons is manipulated by light. In addition, they have used techniques that rely on rabies virus to track nerve cells, aiming to build brain circuits.
How does HTR2a neurons affect eating behavior?
With these advanced technologies, the research team verified the function of HTR2a neurons in vitro - stimulating eating. When HTR2a neurons are activated, mice eat longer. Moreover, this promotion effect is more pronounced in the case where the mouse is already full.
Dr. Amelia Douglass said: "We found that HTR2a neurons promote food intake in mice. These cells are active during feeding. When HTR2a cells are silent, they will reduce their consumption even if they are starved. the amount."
When the HTR2a neurons are active, the mice are in a state of enjoyment. More importantly, the effects of these neurons on appetite in mice appear to occur only after the mice start eating. HTR2a cells are not activated when the mouse is only aware of eating.
This means that HTR2a affects the taste of the food. In fact, the researchers did indeed allow the mice to enjoy a particular taste that they did not like before by opening the HTR2a neurons.
HTR2a, PKC-delta two neurons "constrain" each other
After studying the neural network, Professor Rüdiger Klein's team found that HTR2a neurons and PKC-delta neurons can "contain" each other.
“When you eat some bad food, PKC-delta neurons are activated, which inhibits HTR2a neurons and eventually stops the animal from eating.†Ponserre said, “On the contrary, HTR2a neurons are active when ingesting some delicious foods. , PKC-delta cells are inhibited, thereby promoting eating behavior associated with the reward mechanism."
“We found that animal brains are related to emotional state, reward system and food intake. For humans, there are similar neural circuits. This will be an interesting research area that is expected to help people solve eating disorders, etc. Question,†emphasized Professor Rüdiger Klein.
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