Correct understanding of the new generation of tableware replacement

Disposable polystyrene foam tableware is difficult to be degraded, and there is still a certain degree of difficulty in comprehensive recycling. Therefore, the Order No. 6 of the State Economic and Trade Commission has clearly stipulated that the disposable foam tableware shall be completely banned by the end of 2000, and the basic requirements for replacement products shall be proposed. , which is easy to recycle and easy to degrade, the new national standards for degradable tableware have been formally promulgated and formally implemented on January 1, 2000.
In order to ensure the safety of new types of cutlery to the human body, the research, development, promotion and use of disposable biodegradable environmental protection cutlery are correctly caused. According to the research and recovery and treatment experience of new types of fast food utensils in the past ten years, Beijing Hyflux Environmental Protection Center made the following observations: For the reference of relevant departments, I hope to play a correct guiding role in the replacement of tableware.
Why is 1 foaming meal box eliminated?
The pollution of foamed tableware is too serious. There are currently more than 130 foaming tableware production lines. The amount of foamed tableware is over 10 billion, about 120,000 tons, and the volume is about 2 million cubic meters. So many things are in addition to Beijing in the country. Since Tianjin set up some recycling in 1997, it has not been properly recovered in other places. The national recycling rate is only 3-5%, resulting in extremely serious landscape pollution and environmental pollution, as well as accumulation in the past 10 years. It has reached a level of impunity.
Governance is too difficult The pollution of foamed tableware is not unmanageable, but governance is too difficult. In order to control "white pollution", the relevant state departments have taken many measures, such as the State Administration of Environmental Protection (1997) No. 527 document "on the issue of 'white pollution' status and prevention and control countermeasures" clearly stated that the method of governance of white pollution should be The prevention and control principle of “using education and propaganda as the forerunner, strengthening management as the core, recycling as a means, and product substitution as supplementary measures” was adopted, and the National Environmental Protection Agency (1997) No. 590 also agreed that Beijing and Tianjin should be the pilots for white pollution control. In cities, the recycling rate is about 50%, and the scattered lunch boxes are greatly reduced. It should be said that the spread of “white pollution” has played a certain role in deterring.
However, due to the large size of the foaming utensils, serious self-pollution, high recycling costs, and a great deal of processing, coupled with the water pollution in the reclaimed granulation and many other problems that cannot be solved in a timely and effective manner, the relevant leaders and departments There is no confidence in the recycling of foamed tableware. Therefore, the State Economic and Trade Office issued the 6th order in 1999, disposable foam plastic tableware will be completely banned by 2000 years of production, sales and use, in order to fundamentally solve the serious pollution caused by foaming tableware.
2  foaming tableware was eliminated, what products to replace?
The new national standards classify new alternative products into two major categories (biodegradable materials and light-biodegradable materials) and five types (cardboard coating, pulp molding, vegetable fiber molding, edible powder). Molded and photo-biodegradable plastics are non-foamed).
The standard is applicable to disposable tableware made from biodegradable materials and photo-biodegradable materials, including containers, bowls, cups, plates, dishes, etc. (Instant noodle bowls are also included).
The standard has strict requirements on the main types of products, basic technical requirements, appearance and performance, hygienic requirements, degradation performance, inspection methods, inspection rules and product marks, packaging, transportation, storage, etc., as well as basic technical requirements, appearance and Use performance, hygiene requirements, degradation performance requirements are mandatory.
In addition to the finished product waste should be in line with the degradation performance requirements of this standard, but also have a recovery value, easy to recycle, or easy sanitary landfill and high temperature composting treatment. The elimination of foamed tableware does not mean that there is no need for fast food containers. It only requires new dishes to meet some new requirements, especially to meet environmental requirements. The standard is to effectively prevent “white pollution”, further improve the quality of disposable degradable tableware products, and regulate the market of disposable degradable tableware products, which will play a positive role in promoting. With the elimination of foamed PS category tableware, new types of tableware will gradually occupy the market, but what kind of products can stand the test has yet to be tested in practice. As far as the current standard products are concerned, according to a large number of tests and trial certificates issued by the Ministry of Railways, the ideal products are light biodegradable plastics. The products have been proven by the Ministry of Railways and Beijing to have a reliable source of raw materials (domestic Petrochemical company), product quality is stable (without a case of quality problems), the price has a competitive advantage (about 0  25 yuan per box), easy recovery (natural recovery of 1  5-2  0 yuan per kilogram), rapid field degradation (One to two months complete crushing powder, molecular weight decreased more than 80%, the product is completely harmless to the environment) and so on. Many other types of products have many problems, such as the stability of the source of raw materials and the stability of product quality, the product is too expensive to meet the standard, the market price is unacceptable, color, taste is not adapted, recycling operability (such as who receives How, how to deal with, how to deal with, economically feasible, secondary pollution caused by treatment, etc.), degradation rate and significance (such as landscape pollution cannot be degraded, how the degradation effect in the garbage, economic value, new harmful gas and leakage Liquid pollution, etc.) These problems should be treated scientifically. According to the life cycle theory, the entire evaluation from the source of raw materials to the eventual demise of the product is done.
At present, many products have not been fully tested according to the new standards, and some have not met the standards, but blindly promote the transfer is very serious, so the company has suffered a total loss.
Facts have proved that the elimination of foamed tableware, the use of new types of tableware will be greatly reduced due to factors such as quality and price (estimated to be reduced by 30% -50%), and the comprehensive elimination of foamed tableware is not easy and will continue for a long time time. At present, the new product output has basically met the market's requirements, and pulp molding has been a serious surplus. If you need such a project, you must be careful, fully understand the relevant policies of the country and the situation of the industry, and take a scientific approach to the replacement process. Do not follow the feeling and make investment decisions.
3 How will the new tableware industry develop?
According to the characteristics of China's fast food industry and fast food containers, principles of environmental pollution control and the basic laws of the market economy, the following seven basic elements for the healthy development of the new tableware industry are proposed for reference.
Domestic sources of raw materials, fast food tableware is a one-time consumer goods, the use of short cycle, the amount of large, so the source of raw materials should be based on domestic, minimize raw material imports, to avoid dependence on foreign exchange and the uncontrollability of changes in the international market. As cardboard cutlery, due to its raw material to wood pulp-based, and China's lack of timber resources, so a large number of production of cardboard cutlery is not in line with China's national conditions. In addition, for some products with complex composition and difficult quality assurance (such as plant straws), supervision and management should be strengthened to ensure human safety.
The research and development of new product standardization, new disposable degradable tableware has been carried out for nearly ten years, and there are also some industry standards, such as the Ministry of Railways, the former Ministry of Light Industry, the National Environmental Labeling Certification Committee, etc., but these standards are subject to various Due to limited conditions, it has not been promoted throughout the country. Now that there is a unified national standard, and with the prohibition of full prohibition of production of foamed tableware, it is believed that the tableware companies will gradually return to the track of scientific competition. At the same time, it is also hoped that enterprises will manufacture products strictly in accordance with the new standards to ensure human health and safety and effectively solve the environmental pollution problems caused by foamed cutlery.
Continuous automation of production processes In order for fast-food packaging products to dominate the market, tableware manufacturers must consider the following production process issues.
â—† Continuous automatic production of large-scale fast food utensils must increase the production capacity of the equipment. Therefore, the equipment must have the function of continuous automated production to occupy a larger market, and at the same time it may also reduce the cost.
â—† Effective utilization of scrap materials The production process of fast food products will certainly have scrap or scrap. If these materials are not recycled in time, they will have a significant impact on production and costs. Such problems as paper cutlery, straw cutlery, and starchy cutlery are not yet well solved.
The marketization of product marketing is based on the principles of national standards. All products strive to be scientific, fair, and reasonable in terms of standards, without any tendency. Products that meet the standard requirements can be allowed to enter the market, and all levels of government management departments must not use any The form of compulsory intervention to meet the requirements of product sales, but also can not engage in industry protection and local protection, non-compliant products (especially foam tableware) and companies should be resolutely combat. Only products with guaranteed quality and quantity can guarantee the interests of consumers and ultimately be responsible for the environment.
Recycling and industrializing a new type of product requires a long-term market share. In addition to the environmental impact of the product production process itself, it is also necessary to analyze and evaluate the sources of the raw materials and the various influences of the final destination of the product on the environment. Otherwise, it is difficult to obtain Which product is more vital to the correct conclusion.
If a comprehensive analysis of environmental impacts, technological status and economic benefits of waste plastics is carried out, it can be concluded that the recycling and utilization pathways should be selected first: if the recycling value is too low, incineration treatment can be used and the final selection can be made. Buried processing. For those systems where recovery systems are difficult to achieve, recycling is too difficult or economically uneconomical, it can promote the use of products that are easier to recycle, easier to dispose of, or easily consumed by the environment, such as the use of degradable plastics for foaming tableware or fiber cutlery, etc. It will become an inevitable trend.
However, the use of degraded tableware does not necessarily mean that there is no need for recycling management, and the reaction is to strengthen recycling management and recycling, strengthen awareness of environmental protection and resource awareness, and establish a sound recycling and disposal system for disposable tableware, otherwise new pollution will be generated. The gourd floats and it can be difficult to manage it.
Degradation of products by practical use of degradable meals has its specific application fields. It does not completely replace the existing non-degradable or non-degradable tableware, nor can it be considered as a cure for pollution. It is only a supplement to recycling, that is to say, It is only meaningful when the value of a certain tableware is zero or the environmental effect of the entire life cycle is suitable for degradability.
To be promoted, degradable tableware must be well coordinated in terms of performance, price, and proper degradation performance. In addition, the consumption of resources, the stability of the process, the recycling of scrap, the control of safety and hygienic performance, the problem of storage and shelf life, and the distinction between ordinary and non-degradable products, etc., need to be further studied. It is expected that degradation of degraded tableware will be used to solve the problem. The problem of environmental pollution caused by foamed plastics is unwise.
Continuity of environmental protection policies and legalization On October 30, 1995, the Sixteenth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress passed the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes," which for the first time provided for in the form of national laws." Products should be packaged that are easy to recycle, easy to dispose, or easily absorbed in the environment," pointing the way for the company's development. The practice of recycling in Beijing has proved that the pollution of foamed tableware is not uncontrollable, but it is difficult to control. In order to govern the "white pollution", the relevant state departments have taken many measures, such as the State Administration of Environmental Protection (1997) No. 527 document "on the issue of 'white pollution' and the status quo and governance measures" has clearly proposed the method of governance of white pollution should be The prevention and control principle of “using education and propaganda as a precursor, strengthening management as the core, recycling as a means, and product substitution as supplementary measures” has taken a significant guiding role in the governance of “white pollution”.
In addition, the State Environmental Protection Administration's policy of “reduction, resource, harmlessness, and industrialization” for the treatment of solid waste should also be firmly implemented in the pollution control of disposable fast food facilities, and scientifically and correctly guide consumption. The people set up the concept of “using less, reusing it, replacing it, and degrading it a bit”. Starting from everyone and starting from the side, we strongly advocated to save resources and beautify the environment.
With the improvement of people’s living standards, the development of the fast food industry and the enhancement of people’s environmental protection awareness, the constant emergence of new types of tableware will be overwhelming. The types and scope of use of fast food products will continue to increase. Domestic and foreign fast food container manufacturers and the fast food industry itself The competition will be more intense, and the direction of development will be toward more recyclable and easier to absorb in the environment.
The replacement of disposable foam tableware in China has begun. The Beijing Municipal Government has decided to start at the train station, coach station, airport, and the capital’s civilized scenic spots (points) from “51” in 1999.