There are various types of ground structures commonly used in track and field facilities. With the advancement of sports development and the progress in construction and chemical materials, new surface options have emerged in recent years. However, the choice of ground structure is always guided by one key principle: ensuring that it does not negatively impact an athlete’s physical health, prevents injury, and allows them to perform at their best without restrictions.
Common ground structures found in track and field areas include: natural soil tracks, cinder tracks, polyurethane plastic tracks, rubber sheet tracks, soft plastic surfaces, sawdust-based soft tracks, and artificial grass fields. Each type has its own advantages and is suited for different purposes and levels of use.
As shown in the diagram below, the layers of a typical track and field surface are carefully designed to provide proper support, cushioning, and durability. The structure usually starts with compacted soil, followed by a lime-soil base, a gravel layer, and then a breathable damping layer. Additional layers such as asphalt concrete, synthetic soil, or cinder are added depending on the desired performance characteristics.
Each material serves a specific function—whether it's providing shock absorption, drainage, or stability. For example, polyurethane and rubber surfaces are popular for their resilience and safety, while artificial turf offers a low-maintenance option suitable for both training and competition.
Understanding the composition of these surfaces is essential for coaches, athletes, and facility managers to ensure optimal performance and long-term maintenance of the track and field area.

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