In the actual printing process, since the water film and the ink film are constantly affected by many variable factors, it is impossible to maintain a strict water-ink balance. Balance is just a relative concept and a dynamic balance.
The ink and ink balance is just right, and the ink can be transferred more ideally, so as to realize the printing effect of dot blotting, neatness, clear image, rich layers, colorful and saturated printing, and ensure the accuracy of overprinting and promote the drying of printed products, while ensuring The blank part is clean and tidy.
The unfavorable effect of ink and ink imbalance on printing
The impact of water-ink balance imbalance on printing can be summarized into the following four situations:
1) Small amount of water and ink: the supply of water and ink can not meet the quantity requirements. At this time, because the water volume of the printing plate is not enough to form a water film, the blank part of the print does not have sufficient ink repellency and cannot compete with the ink, so it is easy to absorb ink The ink on the roller causes the blank part to become dirty; at the same time, because the amount of ink supply is also small, the ink absorption of the graphic part is insufficient, which will cause the imprint to be dull, dull, the graphic is not strong, and lacks gloss.
2) When the water is small and the ink is large: due to insufficient water supply, the blank part of the layout cannot form a water-repellent water film to resist the ink, and the ink on the ink roller is easily adsorbed to the blank non-graphic area, resulting in stickiness; the dots are not clear The expansion of the network and the dots causes the image to lose its level, and the text is also easy to paste, especially the small white text. Because of the small water, the lack of water for the graphic areas with different structures is different, and it is also easy to cause uneven ink color on the layout.
3) When the water is large, the water content of the plate is too large, not only the water film of the printing plate is too thick, but also the water will spread along the ink roller. After the roller and the ink roller squeeze each other, the ink emulsifies and accelerates, forming an "oil-in-water ( O / W) "type emulsified state, thus hindering the normal transmission of ink. In the graphic area, saturated ink is not obtained, or even inked. The color of the graphic ink gradually becomes lighter, the imprint is not firm, the dots are solid, gray, dull, the image is vague, and the layer is lacking. In addition, due to the large amount of water, the paper will cause deformation and elongation after moisture absorption, affecting the overprint.
4) When the water is large and the ink is large: Due to the excessive moisture on the plate surface, the water is continuously spread to the ink roller, the ink is emulsified excessively, the viscosity and cohesion of the ink are reduced, and the ink transmission is blocked. Despite the large amount of ink, it is mostly accumulated on the surface of the ink roller, but the amount of ink on the layout is reduced, resulting in the ink color gradually becoming lighter, the color is lighter, the color is stale, the image is dull and gradation. At this time, even increasing the amount of ink supply will not improve the effect, and at the same time, the phenomenon of sticking of the water roller and the "floating dirt" of the plate will occur; due to the large amount of water in the ink, its performance will be changed, especially the drying performance will be deteriorated. Drying becomes slow, and it is easy to cause the printed matter to stick and smudge.
The correct condition of water and ink balance is: on the premise of ensuring that the solid density of multiple primary colors reaches the standard, the water and ink balance is achieved with the minimum amount of water.
How to control ink and water balance
In addition to controlling the water and ink balance, in addition to controlling the water volume to the minimum according to the correct water and ink balance conditions during operation, the following points should also be noted:
1) Check the quality of the printing plate. The printing plate is the basis for realizing printing, and it is also a prerequisite for ink-water balance. It is necessary to choose a PS plate with fine and uniform grit, which can reach a certain mechanical strength, so that the printing plate has a solid graphic and blank foundation, maintains relatively stable lipophilic and hydrophilic, and improves the printing durability of the printing plate.
2) Manage the water-fountain solution. Water management is very important. For ordinary type fountain solution, usually add phosphoric acid, ammonium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dichromate, citric acid, gum arabic and other chemical components; alcohol fountain solution also add ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. Due to the addition of acidic substances, the fountain solution is weakly acidic, and its acidity strongly affects the overall wetting performance of the fountain solution, so the pH value of the fountain solution must be strictly controlled. The general control range is between 4.5 and 5.5, and the specific value is determined by other factors. For example: the pH of the paper, the size of the ink on the page, and the performance of the ink. The main component of alcohol-ethanol can reduce the surface tension of fountain solution and improve surface activity, which is beneficial to the balance of water and ink.
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