What is RFID technology
For many people, they are not new to RFID. The full name of RFID is RadioFrequencyIdentification, Chinese translation for radio frequency identification. It is a non-contact automatic identification technology that automatically identifies target objects and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals.
Its first application in history can be traced back to the period of World War II (1940s), when it was used to distinguish between opposing aircraft. By the end of the 1970s, the US government used RFID technology in the private sector through the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, and it was first used commercially on livestock. In the 1980s, several companies in the United States and Europe began to produce RFID tags. And today. RFID technology has been widely used in various fields. Typical applications include: logistics and supply management, manufacturing and assembly, air baggage processing, mail / express parcel processing, document tracking / library management, animal identification. Sports timing, access control / electronic tickets and automatic road tolls. The RFID industry has endless potential, and its application scope covers manufacturing, logistics, medical, transportation, retail, national defense and other fields. Experts predict that the global RFID market will reach $ 300 billion in 2010.
The most basic RFID system consists of 3 parts:
1. Tag (RF card): It is composed of coupling elements and chips. The tag contains a built-in antenna for communication with the RF antenna. Each tag has a unique electronic code and is attached to the object to identify the target object.
2. Reader: A device that reads (and sometimes writes) tag information, and can be designed to be handheld or fixed.
3. Antenna: An RF signal is transmitted between tags and readers.
The basic working process of the RFID system is: the reader sends a radio frequency signal of a certain frequency through the transmitting antenna, when the radio frequency card enters the working area of ​​the transmitting antenna, an induced current is generated, and the radio frequency card obtains energy and is activated; the radio frequency card passes its own code and other information through the card The built-in antenna in the system is sent out: the carrier signal received from the radio frequency card received by the system receiving antenna is transmitted to the reader through the antenna regulator, and the reader demodulates and decodes the received signal, and then sends it to the main system in the background Relevant processing; the main system judges the legality of the card according to the logical operation, makes corresponding processing and control according to different settings, and issues command signals to control the action of the actuator. Some systems are also connected to an external computer (host computer host system) through the RS232 or RSR4855 interface of the reader for data exchange.
Usually, the frequency sent by the RFID reader is called the operating frequency or carrier frequency of the RFID system. RFID carrier frequency basically has 3 ranges: low frequency (30 ~ 300 kHz), high frequency (3 ~ 30MHz) and ultra high frequency (30o ~ 3GHz). Common operating frequencies are low frequency 125kHz and 134.2kHz, high frequency 13.56MHz, ultra high frequency 433MHz, 860 ~ 930MHz, 2.45GHz and so on.
Application of RFID on tags
RFID tag is a typical combination application of substrate and electronic technology, which can realize the communication between substrate and computer. RFID tag refers to the electronic chip containing product information and related antenna and power supply on the substrate, receiving radio signals such as microwaves emitted from a dedicated reader through the antenna, and reflecting the data information contained in the tag chip , And finally sent to the host computer for processing. Thereby, non-contact identification, search and management of products are achieved, which breaks the limitations of traditional barcode recognition and can be widely used in supermarkets, logistics, warehousing and other application fields. It is understood. At present, the world's largest retail giant Wal-Mart is pushing the application of RFID tags.
Relative to the barcode. RFID tags have the following advantages:
1. RFID can work in various harsh environments. Strong adaptability to the environment: automatic identification of target objects through radio frequency signals. No visible light source required: penetration. Data can be read directly through external materials. Protect external packaging. Save unpacking time.
2. Can identify high-speed moving objects. This brings great convenience to the identification work.
3. Can identify multiple tags at the same time. The operation is quick and convenient, suitable for batch identification occasions.
4. The tag can store data ranging from 512 bytes to 4 megabytes depending on the type of business. And supports writing data. No need to re-create new labels.
5. Passive RFID tag energy comes from the electromagnetic wave signal received by the antenna. No power supply is required.
Due to the advantages of RFID tags. It has developed rapidly abroad and has been widely used in many fields such as industrial automation, commercial automation, transportation control and management. Traffic monitoring systems such as cars or trains. Expressway automatic toll system, item management. Production automation assembly line. Access control system, financial transaction, storage management, animal husbandry management, vehicle anti-theft, etc. Lufthansa is trying to use RFID electronic tags to replace airline tickets. Thus changing the traditional way of buying and selling air tickets. Today. New applications of radio frequency identification technology are still emerging.
RFID tag printing method
RFID has great advantages. There is a tendency to replace bar codes, but an important factor hindering their application is cost. Foreign experts pointed out. The price of RFID tags now ranges from 0.15 to 1o0 dollars, which is not easy for most businesses and consumers to accept. and so. Many companies are now working to reduce the cost of RFID. After many companies' experiments. Use printing to make conductive antenna. Can reduce the production cost of RFID tags. This is a major innovation of RFID. At the same time, RFID tags also bring unlimited business opportunities to the printing industry.
First of all. The easiest way to think of making RFID tags is to put the integrated circuit chip first. The antenna and power supply are made into a chip layer. Then make the bottom layer and printing surface layer separately, and finally combine these three layers together. Obviously. This method of making RFiD tags is relatively easy to implement. However, the cost is also high and it is difficult to popularize. In order to promote the wider application of RFID tags, some new RFID tag printing technologies and equipment have been continuously developed.
later. It has been found that conductive-ink can be used to print RFID tags. Conductive ink is a kind of printing ink that allows electric current to flow, using this conductive ink. Can print wires, circuit components or antennas on soft or hard substrates. The printed antenna can receive the radio information stream from the reader. And effective experiments show that it is at the frequencies of UHF (860MHZ ～ 950MHz) and microwave (2450MHz). The antenna printed with conductive ink has the same function as the traditional copper coil antenna; near 13.56MHz high frequency. Additional processing steps, such as increasing the temperature or re-plating. The conductive ink antenna can work like a copper coil antenna.
but. When printing with conductive ink. It is not only a problem of real image restoration, but also a certain printing accuracy. In other words, it must have a certain cross-sectional area. The printed wires and circuit components must meet the requirements of the circuit. Although it can be printed with very thin ink. But the printed area will be large. In other words, the line is printed wide. However, the smart label itself is in a light, thin and small development trend. Can not be printed too wide. Therefore, the distance between lines is required to be small. Each line must have a certain printing thickness. At present, the thickness of the printed antennas at home and abroad ranges from 0.01 to 0.04 mm. So if you want to print the antenna. At present, the most effective way is to use screen printing. And requires the printing thickness of the screen printer to be very uniform.
The process of using screen printing to achieve the printing of RFID tags is basically the same as other screen printing methods. Because the printed image area of ​​RFID tags is often very small. And it must have good printing accuracy when printing. This increases the difficulty of screen-printing RFID tags. Therefore, the following items should be noted when using screen-printed RFID tags:
1. When choosing a wire mesh. The mesh is hexagonal. Because this is conducive to the complete transfer of conductive ink, conductive ink is better to use solvent-based ink.
2. Create excellent ink drying conditions (such as: reduce the wind speed in the oven. The heating temperature is 140 ℃. The heating time is between 30 seconds and 120 seconds. The temperature or time is not suitable. The antenna substrate will be deformed beyond the standard ). Conducive to the precise shaping of the printed coil pattern contour.
3. Keep a clean printing environment. In the process of printing antennas. It is required that no impurities are added to the ink. Otherwise it will affect the conductive effect. The workshop environment requires no dust. Dust, etc. Otherwise conductive dust will connect them between the two wires.
In the past. Conductive ink only uses screen printing. Now we can extend conductive ink to offset printing and flexographic printing. Gravure. This can greatly improve the production efficiency of the label and effectively reduce the production cost. In addition. There are reports that South Korea has developed an inkjet printing manufacturing process to produce RFID products. Compared with the original manufacturing cost reduction of one-tenth. Each identification tag is 1 to 5 yen (USD 0.004). I believe that with the continuous improvement of production methods and the reduction of production costs, RFID will play an increasingly important role in people's daily lives.
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