At the third meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress held yesterday, Xu Shaoshi, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, made a "Report of the State Council on the Work of Urbanization Construction." The report said that China will fully liberalize the restrictions on the settlement of small towns and small cities, orderly liberalize the restrictions on the settlement of medium-sized cities, gradually relax the conditions for settlement of large cities, reasonably set the conditions for the settlement of mega-cities, and gradually transfer the eligible agricultural transfer population. For urban residents. Experts said that this is the first time that China has clearly proposed the specific urbanization path of various cities.
3 years, 25.05 million agricultural population settled in town
The report proposes that all localities are actively and steadily promoting the reform of the household registration system. In 2011, the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Actively and Steadily Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration Management System was issued and implemented. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other relevant departments have introduced supporting measures. 18 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have issued specific implementation opinions, and 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have explored the establishment of a unified urban and rural household registration system. The agricultural population has set up a channel for the settlement of towns. According to statistics from the Ministry of Public Security, from 2010 to 2012, the number of urban households settled in the country was 25.05 million, an average of 8.35 million per year.
Settlement conditions in megacities must be reasonably set
How will future urbanization develop? Xu Shaoshi introduced that it is very important to promote the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population in an orderly manner. In accordance with the principle of adapting to local conditions, step-by-step promotion, stock priority, and incremental growth, we will focus on the transfer of population in agriculture, take into account the urban population in different places, and promote the reform of the household registration system and the equalization of basic public services. Fully liberalize the restrictions on the settlement of small towns and small cities, orderly liberalize the restrictions on the settlement of medium-sized cities, gradually relax the conditions for settlement of large cities, reasonably set the conditions for the settlement of mega-cities, and gradually convert eligible agricultural transfer population into urban residents. At the same time, efforts are made to reach the permanent population of urban areas such as compulsory education, employment services, basic medical care, and affordable housing.
Guarantee the reasonable housing needs of the permanent residents of the town
Xu Shaoshi proposed that the most stringent farmland protection system and the most stringent land-saving system should be implemented to reasonably meet the needs of urbanized land use. Establish a sustainable urban public finance system and investment and financing mechanism to provide financial support for the full coverage of urban basic public services permanent residents and urban infrastructure construction.
At the same time, establish a housing system combining market allocation and government guarantee, and promote the formation of housing supply and demand pattern with basic balance, basic structure, basic adjustment of housing prices and consumption capacity, and effectively guarantee the reasonable housing demand of urban permanent residents.
â– Interpretation
The actual population of the agricultural population is over 25 million
Chen Yao, director of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization rate has increased by 34 percentage points, basically one percentage point a year. In recent years, the speed of urbanization has also been relatively fast. Some rural counties and prefecture-level cities have become very accommodative in rural areas. As long as there is fixed work, housing can basically be realized.
Therefore, the actual number of agricultural people settled in towns is likely to be more than 25 million.
First clear urbanization path
The report proposes that the restrictions on the settlement of small towns and small cities should be fully liberalized, the restrictions on settlement of medium-sized cities should be liberalized in an orderly manner, the conditions for settlement of large cities should be gradually relaxed, the conditions for settlement of megacities should be reasonably set, and the eligible agricultural transfer population should be gradually converted into towns. Residents.
Chen Yao said that in recent years, China's urbanization process has been carried out in accordance with this path, but this is the first time explicitly stated.
At present, China's urbanization rate is still lower than the international ratio. According to preliminary estimates, the urbanization rate will increase by 1% every year. By 2030, about 70% of people will live in the city. There is not a clear timetable currently.
Two major problems of migrant workers' citizenization
For megacities such as Beijing, the pace of urbanization is bound to go slower. Chen Yao said that the urbanization of migrant workers mainly has two problems.
The first is whether the cost of citizenization can be afforded, and the citizenization requires equalization of public services. This involves the needs of social security, education, medical care, housing, etc., which requires local governments to calculate the total cost. Previously, some scholars said that the cost of a migrant worker after the citizenization was 200,000. Chen Yao said that the regional economic development is very different, and it is still impossible to give a scientific figure.
Second, we must consider whether urban management can keep up. After the liberalization of large cities, how to innovate social management is also a problem. Once Beijing, Shanghai and other places have opened their household registration, the influx of a large number of people will have a great impact on the economic and social development of the city. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt to the economic and social development capabilities. At present, many cities have gradually solved the problem of the citizenization of migrant workers based on their existing supply capacity. However, I hope that the mega city of Beijing will release the household registration for a long time.
Chen Yao said that urbanization should be step by step. It is not appropriate for everyone to pursue speed unilaterally without considering quality. In the current urbanization, 17% belong to pseudo-urbanization, and the urbanization rate is artificially high. Therefore, the existing problem is how to make this part of the people truly convert to the public, and there are great difficulties.
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