Under the existing conditions, human production and life will inevitably produce waste. If the waste cannot be processed, reprocessed and reused in a timely and scientific manner, an ever increasing number of wastes will pollute the environment and threaten the health of the residents. In order to solve this problem, Russia has formulated a long-term goal plan, and related scientific research, administration, and regulations have also been formulated.
The investigation report of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources shows that due to lack of funds and lack of advanced technologies for reprocessing scrap, the current economic mechanism cannot effectively promote the processing and utilization of waste. At present, Russia has a solid waste deposit of 85 billion tons. The area is about 300,000 hectares. Of these wastes, there are 80 billion tons of mining industrial waste, and the total amount is currently increasing at a rate of 2 billion tons per year. Experts from the All-Russian Mineral Resources Research Institute pointed out that Russian mining industry waste contains common metals such as iron, copper, lead and tin, as well as rare elements such as cadmium, antimony, selenium and tellurium.
The reprocessing of daily life scraps is also unsatisfactory. Of the 130 million cubic meters of solid waste collected in 1999, only 3% were reprocessed. In order to store this waste, Russia must collect 10,000 hectares of land each year. In addition, the experts are even more worried that the toxic waste reserves have reached 1.8 billion tons. Of the 100,000 tons of toxic waste newly added each year, only one third of the poisons are disinfected and reused.
In order to avoid detours in solving waste problems, in June 1996, the government of the Russian Federation passed the "Sverdlovsk State Scrap Reprocessing Target Plan." According to this plan, the relevant administrative, scientific research and production units spent 719 million roubles (1 US$30 rupees) for the next four years, reprocessing 20 million tons of mining waste from the state. The value of the products obtained after processing reached 7 billion rubles. After a comprehensive review of these successful experiences, the Russian Federal Government passed the "Russia Production and Domestic Waste Disposal Plan 2002-2010" in December 2001.
The goal of this plan is to prevent and eliminate the adverse effects of production and domestic waste on the environment and human health and maximize the reprocessing and utilization of waste. The Russian Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and other agencies will select scientific research and production units through tenders to implement the above plans. In the implementation of the plan, Russia will take measures in the following areas:
1. The successful Russian scientific research institutions will develop a variety of reprocessing test devices for some production and domestic wastes before 2004. These test facilities must be capable of processing 2.36 million tons of waste generated during mining, 13.7 million tons of metallurgical waste, 160,000 tons of waste wood, 148,000 tons of pulp and paper industry waste, and 320,000 tons of agricultural production. Waste, 317,000 tons of urban life and industrial wastewater, total 70 million tons of waste. From 2005 to 2010, waste reprocessing technology and equipment development will be gradually completed, and various wastes will be treated with new processes.
Second, research institutions will provide scientific basis for the formulation of laws and regulations related to waste disposal. According to the newly established regulations, relevant units will make statistics and report on the production, storage and reprocessing of waste, classify and classify the waste, register and identify the places where the waste is stored and processed, and establish a waste disposal information base.
Third, the state functional departments will determine the production rate of waste generated in the production process; set the limits of waste storage and should pay the fees; set up incentives, incentives, and encourage production agencies to reprocess and use of waste.
Fourth, the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources and its subordinate agencies will regularly inspect and analyze the storage and processing of waste, and coordinate the work of various departments. The Russian Federation government will supervise the implementation of the entire plan.
The implementation of the above plan will cost a total of about 44.04 billion rubles. The budget of the Russian Federation will spend 519 million roubles, the main and local budgets of the Russian Federation will spend 11.44 billion roubles, and the remaining 320.798 billion roubles will be extrabudgetary funds.
According to the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources, it is expected that the successful implementation of the above-mentioned plan will enable Russia to establish a national regulatory mechanism for waste disposal. About 40 billion tons of waste will be reprocessed in Russia and the total amount of minerals that can be used will be larger than the total amount of abandoned minerals. Out of 5 billion tons, the polluted area will be reduced by 20% to 30%, and the number of new jobs will reach 20,000. The waste processing equipment and technology market will gradually form.
The investigation report of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources shows that due to lack of funds and lack of advanced technologies for reprocessing scrap, the current economic mechanism cannot effectively promote the processing and utilization of waste. At present, Russia has a solid waste deposit of 85 billion tons. The area is about 300,000 hectares. Of these wastes, there are 80 billion tons of mining industrial waste, and the total amount is currently increasing at a rate of 2 billion tons per year. Experts from the All-Russian Mineral Resources Research Institute pointed out that Russian mining industry waste contains common metals such as iron, copper, lead and tin, as well as rare elements such as cadmium, antimony, selenium and tellurium.
The reprocessing of daily life scraps is also unsatisfactory. Of the 130 million cubic meters of solid waste collected in 1999, only 3% were reprocessed. In order to store this waste, Russia must collect 10,000 hectares of land each year. In addition, the experts are even more worried that the toxic waste reserves have reached 1.8 billion tons. Of the 100,000 tons of toxic waste newly added each year, only one third of the poisons are disinfected and reused.
In order to avoid detours in solving waste problems, in June 1996, the government of the Russian Federation passed the "Sverdlovsk State Scrap Reprocessing Target Plan." According to this plan, the relevant administrative, scientific research and production units spent 719 million roubles (1 US$30 rupees) for the next four years, reprocessing 20 million tons of mining waste from the state. The value of the products obtained after processing reached 7 billion rubles. After a comprehensive review of these successful experiences, the Russian Federal Government passed the "Russia Production and Domestic Waste Disposal Plan 2002-2010" in December 2001.
The goal of this plan is to prevent and eliminate the adverse effects of production and domestic waste on the environment and human health and maximize the reprocessing and utilization of waste. The Russian Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and other agencies will select scientific research and production units through tenders to implement the above plans. In the implementation of the plan, Russia will take measures in the following areas:
1. The successful Russian scientific research institutions will develop a variety of reprocessing test devices for some production and domestic wastes before 2004. These test facilities must be capable of processing 2.36 million tons of waste generated during mining, 13.7 million tons of metallurgical waste, 160,000 tons of waste wood, 148,000 tons of pulp and paper industry waste, and 320,000 tons of agricultural production. Waste, 317,000 tons of urban life and industrial wastewater, total 70 million tons of waste. From 2005 to 2010, waste reprocessing technology and equipment development will be gradually completed, and various wastes will be treated with new processes.
Second, research institutions will provide scientific basis for the formulation of laws and regulations related to waste disposal. According to the newly established regulations, relevant units will make statistics and report on the production, storage and reprocessing of waste, classify and classify the waste, register and identify the places where the waste is stored and processed, and establish a waste disposal information base.
Third, the state functional departments will determine the production rate of waste generated in the production process; set the limits of waste storage and should pay the fees; set up incentives, incentives, and encourage production agencies to reprocess and use of waste.
Fourth, the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources and its subordinate agencies will regularly inspect and analyze the storage and processing of waste, and coordinate the work of various departments. The Russian Federation government will supervise the implementation of the entire plan.
The implementation of the above plan will cost a total of about 44.04 billion rubles. The budget of the Russian Federation will spend 519 million roubles, the main and local budgets of the Russian Federation will spend 11.44 billion roubles, and the remaining 320.798 billion roubles will be extrabudgetary funds.
According to the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources, it is expected that the successful implementation of the above-mentioned plan will enable Russia to establish a national regulatory mechanism for waste disposal. About 40 billion tons of waste will be reprocessed in Russia and the total amount of minerals that can be used will be larger than the total amount of abandoned minerals. Out of 5 billion tons, the polluted area will be reduced by 20% to 30%, and the number of new jobs will reach 20,000. The waste processing equipment and technology market will gradually form.
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