Falling technology
In the slope below 45 degrees, due to less danger, generally do not need special equipment and technology, can be carried out naturally with the aid of hail.
In steep slopes and cliffs falling above 45 degrees, there must be certain equipment and techniques. There are two ways to drop it:
one. Three-point fixed descent method The three-point fixed descent method is a basic method for rock operation technology, and its tools are simple and easy to carry out among the masses. The method is to use your hands, feet, or hold the three fulcrums, and then move the fourth fulcrum. This kind of descent method is more difficult than three-point fixed climbing, so it must be set above the fixed protection.
two. Using the instrument to descend, using the descender to descend, the single loop knot falls, the rope falls, and the limbal rope falls.
1. Decline with descender
One end of the main rope is fixed at the top of the cliff and the other end is thrown to the bottom. The descender fastens the seat belt at the waist and hangs the iron lock in front of the abdomen. Then the main rope is wound on the descender according to the “eight†shape; then the descender is lowered. Connect with the iron lock, hold the upper end of the main rope in the left hand, and hold the main rope that is pulled out of the descender after the right hand. The descender faces the rock wall. The two legs are separated by about 80 degrees, grab the cliff edge, and the body sits back so that the trunk and the lower limbs form an angle of about 100 degrees. After the upper main rope is placed on the cliff edge, it can begin to descend. The essentials of this method are: When the descent, the two legs are separated, the main rope is pulled tightly, the rope above the left hand is placed on the cliff edge, the left and right feet are supported up and down, and the front foot covers the rock wall, and begins to descend. At the same time, the right hand looses the rope, and the two feet move down quickly as the body falls, so that it always maintains the balance of the body; if the right hand slacks the rope, the buttocks sit back and the two feet remain still. This will cause the body to lose balance and cause a risk of falling backwards. Therefore, the right hand slack rope, the two feet with the body center of gravity down and down in time to support the body to maintain balance, is the key to whether the smooth decline. The right-handed slack rope quickly moves down with both feet. To coordinate and coordinate, there must be a rhythm. Because the legs are supported up and down, the body is tilted to the right, which not only facilitates movement but also allows you to observe descending lines. The speed of the decline depends mainly on how much the right hand slack rope. If you want to stop the descent, the right hand will simply stop the main rope and it will stop immediately.
2. Single loop drop
In the absence of a descender, iron locks can be used in conjunction with single-loop junctions instead of descenders. This drop method and action method is the same as using the descender drop method.
3. Sit rope drop
This method is used to reduce the direct friction between the main rope and the body. The first step is to take the rope down and perform the preparatory action. Facing the fixed rope end, the two legs hold the fixed main rope above, and the main rope is wound around the outside of the right leg to the front, through the abdomen, chest and left shoulder to the back, and pulled to the right side. , Hold it with your right hand behind the beak and hold the rope while the tiger's mouth is facing up.
The drop method and action method are basically the same as the single-link drop. This method is suitable for use with only the master rope. When you fall, you should wear thick and hard-wearing clothes. Be sure to master the essentials of movement and maintain your balance. The main rope at the base of the right thigh cannot be displaced or disengaged, and the right hand always holds the main rope, gradually loosening the main rope as the body descends. The speed of decline should not be too fast, and it should have a rhythm.
4. Falling rope
When the slope is close to 90 degrees, the rope drop method can be used. This method is simple and easy to learn, as long as there is a master rope can perform the descent operation.
The main rope is fixed above the steep wall, and the remaining main rope is thrown under the cliff. The descender lays a knot on the main rope and the other end is connected with the iron lock on the waist belt. The distance from the knot to the joint must not be too long, nor too short. The descender is facing the fixed point. When standing on the edge of the cliff with two legs apart, be sure to tighten the main rope and grasp the knot before you start to descend.
Decline methods and essentials:
Down the main rope, turn it downwards, and when you fall, first grab the knot first. The legs move down with both hands, and you also step backwards. The forefoot tries to step on the protruding rock or corner to ease The burden on the arm, the coordination of the hand-down and the step-shifting should be rhythmical, and the legs should be separated slightly in order to keep the body in balance and prevent dislocation. Hold the master rope when you fall. When there is difficulty in arm length and hands down, you can also slide along the rope with both hands. Note that the speed cannot be too fast to prevent scratches. Beginners can also use the double master rope drop.
Falling notes:
Before declining, we must have enough psychological preparations to eliminate fears. We must be careful, bold, decisive and calm, and must be agile and accurate; the descending line should be slower and the fulcrum should be better; for those with similar difficulties, we should choose the shorter ones. The degree of weathering of the cut slope wall should be small; regardless of the method used to reduce it, gloves should be used to prevent scratches.
Rope recycling:
After the descent to the destination, the rope must be recycled. The main reason for the smooth recovery is the fixed technique at the top. There are generally the following recycling methods:
The live traction knot fixing method uses a protruding rock or tree as a fixing point when it is fixed at the top, and after the main rope is wound around the rock, it is fixed by a live traction knot.
The long end of the rope is thrown under the cliff, and the short end is connected with an auxiliary rope. The connection method is mixed. After the rope is terminated, the auxiliary rope is also thrown under the cliff. After the last person comes down, the auxiliary rope can be pulled and the upper fixing can be unlocked. Pull the auxiliary rope to pull down the main rope.
The double main rope method is fixed on the artificial fulcrum (rock steel cone) protruding from the rock above, and is fixed with a rope sleeve. The main rope is double-folded on the rope sleeve, and the descender takes advantage of the double main rope. Pull a rope with a knot to recover the rope.
In the slope below 45 degrees, due to less danger, generally do not need special equipment and technology, can be carried out naturally with the aid of hail.
In steep slopes and cliffs falling above 45 degrees, there must be certain equipment and techniques. There are two ways to drop it:
one. Three-point fixed descent method The three-point fixed descent method is a basic method for rock operation technology, and its tools are simple and easy to carry out among the masses. The method is to use your hands, feet, or hold the three fulcrums, and then move the fourth fulcrum. This kind of descent method is more difficult than three-point fixed climbing, so it must be set above the fixed protection.
two. Using the instrument to descend, using the descender to descend, the single loop knot falls, the rope falls, and the limbal rope falls.
1. Decline with descender
One end of the main rope is fixed at the top of the cliff and the other end is thrown to the bottom. The descender fastens the seat belt at the waist and hangs the iron lock in front of the abdomen. Then the main rope is wound on the descender according to the “eight†shape; then the descender is lowered. Connect with the iron lock, hold the upper end of the main rope in the left hand, and hold the main rope that is pulled out of the descender after the right hand. The descender faces the rock wall. The two legs are separated by about 80 degrees, grab the cliff edge, and the body sits back so that the trunk and the lower limbs form an angle of about 100 degrees. After the upper main rope is placed on the cliff edge, it can begin to descend. The essentials of this method are: When the descent, the two legs are separated, the main rope is pulled tightly, the rope above the left hand is placed on the cliff edge, the left and right feet are supported up and down, and the front foot covers the rock wall, and begins to descend. At the same time, the right hand looses the rope, and the two feet move down quickly as the body falls, so that it always maintains the balance of the body; if the right hand slacks the rope, the buttocks sit back and the two feet remain still. This will cause the body to lose balance and cause a risk of falling backwards. Therefore, the right hand slack rope, the two feet with the body center of gravity down and down in time to support the body to maintain balance, is the key to whether the smooth decline. The right-handed slack rope quickly moves down with both feet. To coordinate and coordinate, there must be a rhythm. Because the legs are supported up and down, the body is tilted to the right, which not only facilitates movement but also allows you to observe descending lines. The speed of the decline depends mainly on how much the right hand slack rope. If you want to stop the descent, the right hand will simply stop the main rope and it will stop immediately.
2. Single loop drop
In the absence of a descender, iron locks can be used in conjunction with single-loop junctions instead of descenders. This drop method and action method is the same as using the descender drop method.
3. Sit rope drop
This method is used to reduce the direct friction between the main rope and the body. The first step is to take the rope down and perform the preparatory action. Facing the fixed rope end, the two legs hold the fixed main rope above, and the main rope is wound around the outside of the right leg to the front, through the abdomen, chest and left shoulder to the back, and pulled to the right side. , Hold it with your right hand behind the beak and hold the rope while the tiger's mouth is facing up.
The drop method and action method are basically the same as the single-link drop. This method is suitable for use with only the master rope. When you fall, you should wear thick and hard-wearing clothes. Be sure to master the essentials of movement and maintain your balance. The main rope at the base of the right thigh cannot be displaced or disengaged, and the right hand always holds the main rope, gradually loosening the main rope as the body descends. The speed of decline should not be too fast, and it should have a rhythm.
4. Falling rope
When the slope is close to 90 degrees, the rope drop method can be used. This method is simple and easy to learn, as long as there is a master rope can perform the descent operation.
The main rope is fixed above the steep wall, and the remaining main rope is thrown under the cliff. The descender lays a knot on the main rope and the other end is connected with the iron lock on the waist belt. The distance from the knot to the joint must not be too long, nor too short. The descender is facing the fixed point. When standing on the edge of the cliff with two legs apart, be sure to tighten the main rope and grasp the knot before you start to descend.
Decline methods and essentials:
Down the main rope, turn it downwards, and when you fall, first grab the knot first. The legs move down with both hands, and you also step backwards. The forefoot tries to step on the protruding rock or corner to ease The burden on the arm, the coordination of the hand-down and the step-shifting should be rhythmical, and the legs should be separated slightly in order to keep the body in balance and prevent dislocation. Hold the master rope when you fall. When there is difficulty in arm length and hands down, you can also slide along the rope with both hands. Note that the speed cannot be too fast to prevent scratches. Beginners can also use the double master rope drop.
Falling notes:
Before declining, we must have enough psychological preparations to eliminate fears. We must be careful, bold, decisive and calm, and must be agile and accurate; the descending line should be slower and the fulcrum should be better; for those with similar difficulties, we should choose the shorter ones. The degree of weathering of the cut slope wall should be small; regardless of the method used to reduce it, gloves should be used to prevent scratches.
Rope recycling:
After the descent to the destination, the rope must be recycled. The main reason for the smooth recovery is the fixed technique at the top. There are generally the following recycling methods:
The live traction knot fixing method uses a protruding rock or tree as a fixing point when it is fixed at the top, and after the main rope is wound around the rock, it is fixed by a live traction knot.
The long end of the rope is thrown under the cliff, and the short end is connected with an auxiliary rope. The connection method is mixed. After the rope is terminated, the auxiliary rope is also thrown under the cliff. After the last person comes down, the auxiliary rope can be pulled and the upper fixing can be unlocked. Pull the auxiliary rope to pull down the main rope.
The double main rope method is fixed on the artificial fulcrum (rock steel cone) protruding from the rock above, and is fixed with a rope sleeve. The main rope is double-folded on the rope sleeve, and the descender takes advantage of the double main rope. Pull a rope with a knot to recover the rope.
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