The United States is a world leader in plastics production. According to statistics, by the year 2000, the United States will produce more than 34 million tons of plastics and use more than 16 million tons of waste plastics. The United States began extensive research on the recycling of waste plastics as early as the 1960s, but if it does not accelerate the pace of recycling used plastics, it will not be able to withstand the environmental pollution caused by the growing waste of plastics and the economic losses. The proportion of waste plastics used in recycling in the United States is: 50% for packaging products, 18% for building materials, 11% for consumer goods, 5% for auto parts, 3% for electrical and electronic products, and the proportion of plastics for polyolefins is 61 %, PVC is 13%, polystyrene is 10%, polyester is 11%, and others are 5%. In the late 1980s, the recycling rate of waste plastics in the United States was nearly 10%. According to statistics, the recycling rate of waste plastics in the United States at the end of the 20th century reached more than 35%. Among them, the burning of waste plastic recycling energy increased from 3% in the 1980s to 18%; the burying rate of waste products dropped from 96% to 37%. The United States has done a lot of work and achieved some results in the use of thermal energy in the burning of waste plastics, thermal decomposition and extraction of chemical raw materials. In addition, the United States used tough legislation such as legislation to solve plastic waste problems.
Japan is the second largest producer of plastics. In the 1980s, its annual average amount of waste plastics accounted for 46% of production. It can be seen that the recycling of waste plastics has become a serious social problem in Japan. Moreover, Japan is a country with a shortage of energy, so it has always maintained a positive attitude towards the recycling of waste plastics. At the beginning of the 1990s, the rate of recycling used plastics in Japan was 7%, and the thermal energy utilization rate for combustion was 35%. Japan is also a world leader in the development and application of mixed waste plastics. For example, REVERZER equipment developed by Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. can be used to make mixed recycled thermoplastic plastics containing non-plastic components up to 2% (such as waste paper) into various recycled products, such as gutters, drains, cable trays, and shelves. There are about 20 such devices in Japan, and more than 30 companies in the world use such devices to process recycled products.
Italy is currently the best country in Europe for recycling waste plastics. Italy's waste plastics account for about 4% of municipal solid waste, and its recycling rate can reach 28%. Italy has also developed a mechanical device for separating waste plastics from municipal solid waste. In Italy, scrap plastic recycling is generally collected together with scraps of paper and dry sorting. After the separated waste polyethylene products are crushed, metal impurities such as iron are removed with a magnetic sieve, washed, dehydrated and dried, and then granulated by a screw extruder. This recycled material is added with new material, which can ensure that it has sufficient mechanical properties and can produce garbage bags, profiled materials, hollow products and so on.
The Eameses constantly made use of new materials. The pair's first plywood chair-the Eames Lounge Chair Plastic (LCW)-made use of a heavy rubber washer glued to the backrest of the chair and screwed to the lumbar support. These washers, which have come to be called 'shock mounts', allow the backrest to flex slightly. This technology was brought back in the 670 Lounge chair. The backrest and headrest are screwed together by a pair of aluminum supports. This unit is suspended on the seat via two connection points in the armrests. The armrests are screwed to shock mounts which are connected only via glue to the interior of the backrest shell, allowing the backrest and headrest to flex when the chair is in use. This is part of the chair's unusual design, as well as its weakest link. The shock mounts have been known to tear free causing catastrophic collapse and damage.
Other creative uses of materials include the seat cushions - which eschew standard stapled or nailed upholstery. Instead, the cushions are sewn with a zipper around the outer edge that connects them to a stiff plastic backing. The backing affixes to the plywood shells with a series of hidden clips and rings. This design, along with the hidden shock mounts in the armrest allow the outside veneer of the chair to be unmarred by screws or bolts. The chair has a low seat which is permanently fixed at a recline. The seat of the chair swivels on a cast aluminum base, with glides that are threaded so that the chair may remain level.
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