rock climbing

The history of rock climbing

According to different geomorphological features, climbing technology can be divided into two major categories of rock operations and ice and snow operations. Among them, climbing techniques for rock and cliffs are referred to as rock climbing techniques. Rock climbing was also hailed as "the ballet on the rock."

The development of rock climbing technology has a history of more than 100 years. As early as 1865, Edvart, the founder of the British mountaineer and rock climbing movement, successfully climbed a dangerous peak with simple steel cones, iron locks and climbing ropes. In 1890, British mountaineer Marmeri improved the climbing tools, invented steel wedges and wire ladders for climbing wedges, and various climbing rope knots, which pushed rock climbing technology to a new stage.

However, all kinds of difficult climbing competitions occurred only in the late 1950s and early 1960s. At that time, some local sports associations and the military in the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union took the lead in starting a trial climbing competition and gradually developed into an all-Soviet competition. In September 1974, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia’s mountaineering organization launched the first “International Rock climbing Championship” in Crimea in the Soviet Union. 213 players from 12 countries including the United Kingdom, Democratic Germany, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, the United States, and Japan. Participated in the competition. Since then, the International Mountaineering Association has decided to hold an “International Rock Climbing Championship” once a year. There are individual climbing competitions, individual parallel time trials, and team climbing competitions.

Since 1987, China has held five national climbing competitions. The competition includes men's and women's singles climbing competitions, double-group climbing competitions and artificial rock climbing competitions. But regardless of which kind of game is based on rock climbing technology developed. Rock climbing technology can also be applied to a wide range of fields such as scientific investigation, engineering technology, fire protection, and construction. To carry out this campaign not only has low expenditures, but also has simple equipment. It is also characterized by difficulties, risks, newness, and competitiveness and practicality.

The basic method of rock climbing

The three-point fixing method is the basic method of rock climbing. The essentials are: There are certain requirements for posture and movement of various parts of the body.

Body posture When climbing a rocky cliff, the body should naturally relax. The three points of the body should stabilize the body's center of gravity, and the center of gravity should move with the change of the climbing movement. This is the key to the stability, balance, and effort of rock climbing. In order to relax the body, it is necessary to maintain a certain distance between the body and the rock wall according to the steepness of the rock wall. If it is too close, the climbing route and the fulcrum will be affected. However, it is very close when climbing artificial rock walls. When climbing on the natural rock wall, the upper and lower limbs should coordinate and stretch. The disk must have a rhythm. Pulling up and down the board must be done at the same time. The body center of gravity must fall on the foot, keep facing the rock wall, fix the three-point support, and stand upright. Rock wall, three-point fixed support, climbing posture erected on the rock wall.

The hand of the arm is the key to grasp the fulcrum and maintain the balance of the body during the climb. The strength of the arm directly affects the quality and effect of the climb. Therefore, an excellent rock climber must have sufficient finger strength, wrist strength, and arm strength. For beginners, the movement of the hand wall becomes more important in the absence of full use of lower limb strength. How the arm is hard, the situation is different when the artificial rock wall climbs and the natural rock wall climbs. The former requires the first knuckle to tighten the fulcrum forcefully, the wrist should be tense, the palm should be stuck on the rock wall, and the small arm should be hand tight. The wall is drooping, and in the pull-up, the finger (holding point) has a downward pressure and arm-raising action. The law of motion is that the center-of-gravity movement trajectory does not change much, and the rhythm is more pronounced. However, when climbing a natural rock wall, its movement changes greatly. According to the fulcrum, various types of force methods are used, such as grasping, holding, hanging, boring, boring, pinching, pulling, pushing and supporting.

The action of the foot The skill of climbing a good rock climber is good or bad. The key is whether the power of the two legs can be fully utilized. Climbing by arm strength alone cannot last long. The main action of the foot is to rotate the legs outwards, with the inside of the big toe close to the rock face, and the legs to be flexed slightly, and to maintain the center of gravity with the foot on the fulcrum. In the case of different sizes and directions of the natural rock wall fulcrums, flexible use is required. However, it must be remembered that the knee should not touch the surface of the rock, otherwise it will affect the support of the foot and the balance of the body, and it may even cause slipping and injury to the knee. In addition, when using your foot on the fulcrum, do not use too much force, and you must grasp the direction of force.

With the best rock climbing athletes, the upper and lower limbs are coordinated. For beginners or technically inexperienced athletes, upper limb strength appears to be more important. When climbing, it is often the upper limbs that pull the limbs. If the upper limb is poor in strength, it can easily fatigue when climbing, manifested as weakness in the arm, aching and numbness, and gradually losing gripping ability. After losing the ability to grasp, even with good lower limb strength, it is difficult to maintain balance. Therefore, to learn rock climbing, we must first practice upper body strength. The upper limbs should also be based on the fingers, wrists, and arm strength. Together with the strength of the ankles, toes, and legs, the center of gravity of the body should be coordinated and moved in accordance with the direction of exertion. The cooperation of hands and feet is also comfortable.

Rock climbing technique

The basic purpose of climbing in a hand is to move the body upwards and close to the rock wall. The fulcrum on the rock wall has many shapes. There are dozens of common types. The climbers should be familiar with the shape of these fulcrum points and know how to grasp different points. Department, how to force.

According to the position and direction of the protrusion (depression) on the guide, there are methods such as squeaking, pinching, gripping, pulling, squeezing, and pushing. But don't stick with it. There can be multiple ways to grasp the same fulcrum. Like a kind of fulcrum, there is a small platform above a circle. Generally, it is a vertical pull down by placing a finger on it. However, in order to be close to the rock wall, the body can be pinched and pulled. Another example is when two hands are needed to grab the same fulcrum, the first hand can give up the best grip and give it to the back hand to avoid the trouble of changing hands. When gripping the fulcrum, especially when the horizontal force is applied, the position of the arm is low, and the horizontal friction is increased by the downward pulling force.

To make full use of the strength of the thumb, try to place your thumb on the fulcrum. For common fulcrum of horizontal shallow trough, you can twist your thumb and buckle the side of the belly into your hand trough, or place it on your index finger and your middle finger. , can add a lot of power.

The strength of the fingers in the climb is very important. The hand can often be practiced by means of brace support, pull-ups, finger pull-ups, lifting weights and other methods. Now some foreign experts have been able to achieve the level of one-handed pull-up strength.

When climbing a long route, you can choose to easily rest with both hands. In the rest area, there should be no elevation or elevation angle, and if there is a large fulcrum on the hand, the feet should be stabilizing the fulcrum when resting, and the arms should be straightened (it is difficult to get a rest when bending). The upper body is backwards, but the waist must be Before the top out, so that the lower body close to the rock wall, the body weight pressed to the feet, in order to reduce the burden on the arm.

Do activities before climbing fingers, shake hands and relax, and rub some magnesium powder to avoid slipping.

Rock climbing footwork

The leg's weight-bearing ability and explosive power are very large, and its endurance is strong. In order to fully utilize the strength of the legs and legs, it is necessary to climb. Rock climbing wears special rock-climbing shoes. The soles are made of hard rubber, the forefoot is thicker, the body is made of tough leather, the toe is pointed, and the sole friction is great. Put on this kind of shoes. Foot can support the weight of the whole body firmly on a fulcrum that is as narrow as less than one centimeter wide.

When buying this kind of shoes, we must pay attention to it, we must not buy big ones. As long as you can wear it, the big toe is squatted inside and cannot be straightened. The tighter the shoe is, the more stable it is when it is applied. Some players even have to use a hook behind the back of the shoe to hard-stick their feet. Novices are often too big to buy shoes, and after a while, they will feel that their feet are too loose to step on.

Only one foot can touch the fulcrum: the front of the shoe, the inner edge of the toe (the hallucinate), the outer side of the toe (the tip of the four toes), and the tip of the heel (used mainly for hanging over the roof) foot). And can only step into the width of a finger or so, can not be too much, for example, put the entire foot up, in order to make the foot in the case of the load can be left and right rotation movement, the implementation of the foot, swivel and other movements.

Changing the foot is a basic technical move that is often used in climbing. It is common for some beginner friends to change their feet when they change their feet and swiftly jump. The back foot accurately falls on the fulcrum of the forefeet. It looks very neat, but it is actually wrong because it makes the fingers hard Larger, on the other hand, causes physical imbalances, and more importantly, it is not possible to change the foot in this way when the foot is high.

The correct method is to protect the stability and do not increase the burden on the hand. Take the example of changing from the right foot to the left foot. First, mention the left foot to the top of the right foot, and the right foot to the right side of the fulcrum is the shaft counterclockwise ( Look down) Turn and empty the left side of the fulcrum, the weight is still on the right foot, the left foot cuts in from above, and the foot points, the right foot must be pulled out, and the weight transitions to the left foot. Coherent movements, like oily feet, like the right foot slide out from the fulcrum, the left foot at the same time slide into, the weight has always been borne by the feet, the hand is only used to adjust the balance. In addition to supporting the weight during the climbing process, the feet are often used to maintain the balance of the body. The foot does not always step on the fulcrum. Sometimes one leg needs to be hung from the fulcrum to adjust the position of the body's center of gravity. On the other foot.

Rock climbing protection

Rock climbers climb under protection given by the protection person through climbing ropes. One end of the climbing rope is connected by iron locks or directly to the belt around the climber's waist, and the other end passes through the iron locks and descenders connected to the belts on the protector's body and passes through one or more fixed safety points. On the iron lock.

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