[Abstract] On the basis of analyzing the status quo of China's packaging industry, it is proposed that joining the WTO will facilitate the expansion of the packaging market, but it will form a competitive structure that is not conducive to the development of China's packaging industry; based on the analysis of the concept of ERP and management thinking, management model based on Investigate the introduction of ERP in China's packaging companies to promote innovation.
Keywords: WTO; ERP; packaging; competition; innovation The Enterprise Resource Planing (ERP) was proposed by the Gartner Corporation of the United States. Whether it is theoretical research or practical application, it is considered as representative of advanced management.
1 The basic content of ERP The ERP contains three levels of concepts.
(1) ERP is a set of enterprise management ideas proposed by Gartner Group, the authoritative computer technology consulting and assessment group of the United States. The core of ERP is supply chain management. It harmonizes logistics, capital flow, information flow, value-added flow and work flow, ensures the precise convergence of all links in production or service, eliminates all ineffective labor and strengthens core competitiveness. It integrates customer needs with the company's internal manufacturing activities, as well as the manufacturing resources of the company, embodying the idea of ​​manufacturing exactly according to user needs.
(2) ERP is a software product. Comprehensive application of client / server system, relational database structure, object-oriented technology, graphical user interface, fourth-generation language, network communication licenses, with ERP management thinking as the soul.
(3) ERP is a functional integration. It integrates enterprise management concepts, business processes, basic data, human and material resources, computer hardware and software and other corporate resources. It uses a series of technologies such as computer systems, automatic control systems, decision systems, and networks to support mixed manufacturing environments, support dynamic monitoring capabilities, and support open client/server computing environments, leading to advanced system integration.
ERP implements a customer-centric business strategy. Therefore, the basic idea of ​​ERP is to view the business process of a company as a closely connected supply and demand chain including suppliers, manufacturing plants, distribution networks, and customers; Support subsystems for several collaborative operations, such as finance, marketing, manufacturing, quality control, service maintenance, engineering technology, and monitoring and management of competitors. At the same time, ERP is an enterprise-oriented supply and demand chain management that can effectively manage all links in the supply and demand chain. It provides companies with richer functions and tools from the range of management scope and can implement multiple global Factory, multi-location multinational operations. At the same time, in terms of form, the goal of the company is to pursue profits, and the connotation is to pursue the rational and efficient use of resources. For this reason, in terms of management technology, ERP emphasizes and strengthens the control of capital flow and information flow during the management of the entire supply chain, which will increase the management of the supply chain to the control of the value chain. Similarly, in terms of the breadth of management applications, ERP also exceeds the scope of application of MRPII. ERP can well support and manage the mixed manufacturing environment and meet the needs of this enterprise's diversified operation. Moreover, ERP has broken the pattern that MRPII is only confined to the traditional manufacturing industry, and extends its reach to all walks of life, such as Financial industry, high-tech industry, communications industry, retail industry, etc., thus greatly expanding the scope of application of ERP. In order to provide enterprises with newer and better management modes and management tools, ERP continues to absorb advanced management technologies and IT technologies such as artificial intelligence, sophisticated production, concurrent engineering, internet/intranet, and data warehouse.
2 The impact of China's accession to WTO on China's packaging industry 2.1 China's expansion of the packaging market will be promoted by China's accession to WTO According to estimates by experts, China's accession to WTO will inevitably lead to the expansion of China's packaging market. From the static cross-section analysis, based on 2000, the total output value of the national packaging industry is about 200 billion yuan, 70% of the material consumption, the derivative market size is about 140 billion yuan, and the total packaging market size is 3,000 to 340 billion yuan. From a dynamic point of view, the packaging industry has a relatively higher growth rate than the nationals, with an average growth rate of 15.7% for the “6th Five-Year†period, 17.2% for the “Seventh Five-Year Plan†and 20.3% for the “Eighth Five-Year Planâ€, and currently 38 in the national economy. The industry ranks 14th. If we measure China's current economic development rate and the country’s long-term development plan, by 2010, China’s industrial and agricultural GDP will double again on the basis of US$1,000 billion in 2000, reaching US$200 billion, and the total value of exports will be To reach US$350 billion, the corresponding packaging market will reach at least 5,000 to 600 billion yuan.
2.2 Accession to WTO will change the competitive structure of China's packaging industry China's packaging industry consists of two major blocks: primary packaging and packaging materials, and packaging and packaging industry. The former is a capital-intensive or technology-intensive industry, with relatively high added value and barriers to industrial competition; the latter is a labor-intensive industry, which belongs to general competitive processing and lags, has relatively low added value, and has a geographical cost advantage. Barriers to entry into the industry are low, and competition in the market is fierce. The packaging equipment industry dominates the entire packaging industry and influences and determines the direction and speed of development of the packaging industry. The entry into WTO will have a profound impact on the competitive structure of China's packaging industry:
(1) Packaging products are traditionally labor-intensive industries. In the middle and low-end markets, due to low technological content, low industry entry barriers, low product added value, labor costs and geographical costs play a decisive role in the formation of competitive advantages. Therefore, In the international competition, it has comparative advantages, but in the domestic market, due to economic growth, the expansion of the packaging product market space will attract domestic capital to enter the market competition will intensify, cost, quality, delivery time three elements in the formation of competitive advantage A decisive role. For high-end markets, due to high technical content and high value-added products, China's packaging industry has a low capacity for independent development, has strong dependence on foreign technology and equipment, and is in a disadvantageous position in competition with international capital, and will be subject to a period of time. International competitors.
(2) Packaging equipment industry and raw and auxiliary materials industry are fund-intensive and technology-intensive industries. Technological autonomy, development and innovation capabilities and capital concentration will determine the industry's competitive advantage. As China's packaging industry lacks the ability to develop and innovate in this area, its capital concentration is low, it does not possess international competitive advantages, and it is at a disadvantage in some parts due to the impact of international capital. The commanding heights of China's packaging industry are likely to be controlled by international capital, and international competitiveness will be further weakened.
3 Introducing ERP into packaging companies based on innovation
In the past 10 years, the world economic landscape has undergone major changes. The market has become customer-driven, and the competition of enterprises has become full-scale competition such as Time, Quality, Cost, and Short Term (TQCS). The situation facing the packaging industry in China is an unprecedented challenge, and it is also a golden opportunity. Joining the WTO has injected a powerful impetus for China's reform and opening up, and it also places the industry adjustment and development of the packaging industry in China into a new coordinate reference system. This not only fully exposes the defects of China's packaging industry, but also creates adjustments for the industrial structure. External conditions and pressure. In general, China's packaging industry is a market growth environment that relies on the market's dominant position to expand in quantity, and lacks self-ability, which is mainly reflected in management innovation, technological innovation, and product competitiveness. Only by strengthening China's packaging industry's ability to innovate, can we face the challenges of joining the WTO calmly. Introducing ERP is a wise choice for building packaging companies' innovation capabilities.
(1) Accession to the WTO will bring great uncertainty to the operating environment of packaging companies in China. The packaging industry must base itself on new situations and new challenges, abandon the traditional mode of thinking, stand on the perspective of the information society, conduct a thorough transformation of the enterprise, and establish a speed-benefit management model that flexibly and quickly reflects the needs of customers. The introduction of ERP can reconstruct packaging companies' management models through BPR.
BPT (Business Process Reengineering) is a new management idea proposed by American MIT professor Michael Hammer in the early 1990s. Its basic idea is consistent with ERP's supply chain concept. The basic starting point of BPR is that the design and management of enterprise organizations is The key to improving competitive advantage is to succeed in a fierce competitive environment. Enterprises must inevitably redefine the bottom-up organization and management approach based on the following principles: Corporate organizations are critical to competitive advantage; employee participation is the most important Effective control; All employees can significantly increase value; Horizontal processes are the key to establishing an efficient enterprise organization; Designing enterprise organizations around products and customers; Effective leadership is the key to efficient enterprise organization.
BPR emphasizes customer-oriented, business-oriented processes, and establishes decision-making points in the execution of business processes. It aims at severing consumption, reducing ineffective labor and improving the speed of market response. BPR believes that the design and management of corporate organizations is the key to improving competitive advantage, while flat and horizontal corporate organizations are more conducive to starting from the overall market competition and achieving rapid response and agile circulation. On the basis of adjusting internal and external business processes, suppliers, manufacturing factories, distribution networks, and customers are integrated into a tight supply chain, emphasizing that the overall global optimization is the optimization of individual links or tasks. Through BPR, the following innovations can be obtained: First, establish a knowledge-based enterprise organizational structure that has the ability to create, update, and disseminate knowledge to the entire organization and integrate its knowledge into enterprise products, services, and organization systems. Flexibility and adaptability to the environment provide an organizational platform for efficient corporate actions. Second, based on the requirements of information management, an information management platform oriented to customer needs is established to meet the speed-oriented technical requirements in the information age. Third, establish a new, speed-effective management model.
(2) Due to historical reasons, China's packaging industry has a serious lack of technological innovation capabilities, lack of necessary technical support platform, is an effective way of technological innovation, cooperation between production, teaching and research, and technological innovation can be regarded as a road to technological innovation suited to China's national conditions. To this end, the concept of a dynamic alliance or virtual enterprise (Vitual Orkanization) that was introduced into the ERP, combined with China's national conditions, and technology-based projects that use property rights as a bond to create research, production, research, and joint ventures, is essentially a combination of funding and effective demand around all parties. Realize the internalization of technology transactions and avoid the inefficiency of technological innovation in the past due to the ambiguity of property rights and the deterioration of the legal environment in technical cooperation. Then, the use of capital operations to achieve the diffusion of technology within the industry.
(3) With the development of social informatization and global economic integration, the market environment faced by enterprises has undergone great changes. The factors such as the function, quality, cost, delivery time, service, and environmental characteristics of products have been determined. Product competitiveness. ERP's agile manufacturing approach provides a way for packaging companies to increase product competitiveness.
Agile Manufacturing is a new manufacturing concept. Its three major elements are integrated, fast and highly qualified employees. The starting point of the agile manufacturing concept is based on an analysis of future product and market development. It is believed that the development trend of the future product market is diversification and personalization. Therefore, the requirements for manufacturing technology should be said to be independent of product cost and product type. Emphasis on high-quality employees, that is to create a highly flexible, well-trained, highly capable, highly responsible staff team, and give full play to their role; agile manufacturing requires the cooperation of multiple related companies, the ultimate goal is To enable companies to continuously improve their competitiveness in an unpredictable and continuously changing market environment; agile manufacturing is achieved through dynamic alliances or virtual enterprises; a means and tool to achieve agile manufacturing are manufacturing (Vitual Manufacturing) and virtual manufacturing. Computers complete the entire process from concept design to final implementation of the product.
Through the AM approach, it is possible to optimize the allocation of resources for packaging companies, construct strategic alliances for packaging companies, increase the ability of packaging companies to respond to the market, and more importantly, establish a modern manufacturing awareness that meets the trend and gradually informatize the enterprise. In the transformation of production methods and management modes of enterprises. (Chen Jianguo) (Zhuzhou Institute of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan)
Keywords: WTO; ERP; packaging; competition; innovation The Enterprise Resource Planing (ERP) was proposed by the Gartner Corporation of the United States. Whether it is theoretical research or practical application, it is considered as representative of advanced management.
1 The basic content of ERP The ERP contains three levels of concepts.
(1) ERP is a set of enterprise management ideas proposed by Gartner Group, the authoritative computer technology consulting and assessment group of the United States. The core of ERP is supply chain management. It harmonizes logistics, capital flow, information flow, value-added flow and work flow, ensures the precise convergence of all links in production or service, eliminates all ineffective labor and strengthens core competitiveness. It integrates customer needs with the company's internal manufacturing activities, as well as the manufacturing resources of the company, embodying the idea of ​​manufacturing exactly according to user needs.
(2) ERP is a software product. Comprehensive application of client / server system, relational database structure, object-oriented technology, graphical user interface, fourth-generation language, network communication licenses, with ERP management thinking as the soul.
(3) ERP is a functional integration. It integrates enterprise management concepts, business processes, basic data, human and material resources, computer hardware and software and other corporate resources. It uses a series of technologies such as computer systems, automatic control systems, decision systems, and networks to support mixed manufacturing environments, support dynamic monitoring capabilities, and support open client/server computing environments, leading to advanced system integration.
ERP implements a customer-centric business strategy. Therefore, the basic idea of ​​ERP is to view the business process of a company as a closely connected supply and demand chain including suppliers, manufacturing plants, distribution networks, and customers; Support subsystems for several collaborative operations, such as finance, marketing, manufacturing, quality control, service maintenance, engineering technology, and monitoring and management of competitors. At the same time, ERP is an enterprise-oriented supply and demand chain management that can effectively manage all links in the supply and demand chain. It provides companies with richer functions and tools from the range of management scope and can implement multiple global Factory, multi-location multinational operations. At the same time, in terms of form, the goal of the company is to pursue profits, and the connotation is to pursue the rational and efficient use of resources. For this reason, in terms of management technology, ERP emphasizes and strengthens the control of capital flow and information flow during the management of the entire supply chain, which will increase the management of the supply chain to the control of the value chain. Similarly, in terms of the breadth of management applications, ERP also exceeds the scope of application of MRPII. ERP can well support and manage the mixed manufacturing environment and meet the needs of this enterprise's diversified operation. Moreover, ERP has broken the pattern that MRPII is only confined to the traditional manufacturing industry, and extends its reach to all walks of life, such as Financial industry, high-tech industry, communications industry, retail industry, etc., thus greatly expanding the scope of application of ERP. In order to provide enterprises with newer and better management modes and management tools, ERP continues to absorb advanced management technologies and IT technologies such as artificial intelligence, sophisticated production, concurrent engineering, internet/intranet, and data warehouse.
2 The impact of China's accession to WTO on China's packaging industry 2.1 China's expansion of the packaging market will be promoted by China's accession to WTO According to estimates by experts, China's accession to WTO will inevitably lead to the expansion of China's packaging market. From the static cross-section analysis, based on 2000, the total output value of the national packaging industry is about 200 billion yuan, 70% of the material consumption, the derivative market size is about 140 billion yuan, and the total packaging market size is 3,000 to 340 billion yuan. From a dynamic point of view, the packaging industry has a relatively higher growth rate than the nationals, with an average growth rate of 15.7% for the “6th Five-Year†period, 17.2% for the “Seventh Five-Year Plan†and 20.3% for the “Eighth Five-Year Planâ€, and currently 38 in the national economy. The industry ranks 14th. If we measure China's current economic development rate and the country’s long-term development plan, by 2010, China’s industrial and agricultural GDP will double again on the basis of US$1,000 billion in 2000, reaching US$200 billion, and the total value of exports will be To reach US$350 billion, the corresponding packaging market will reach at least 5,000 to 600 billion yuan.
2.2 Accession to WTO will change the competitive structure of China's packaging industry China's packaging industry consists of two major blocks: primary packaging and packaging materials, and packaging and packaging industry. The former is a capital-intensive or technology-intensive industry, with relatively high added value and barriers to industrial competition; the latter is a labor-intensive industry, which belongs to general competitive processing and lags, has relatively low added value, and has a geographical cost advantage. Barriers to entry into the industry are low, and competition in the market is fierce. The packaging equipment industry dominates the entire packaging industry and influences and determines the direction and speed of development of the packaging industry. The entry into WTO will have a profound impact on the competitive structure of China's packaging industry:
(1) Packaging products are traditionally labor-intensive industries. In the middle and low-end markets, due to low technological content, low industry entry barriers, low product added value, labor costs and geographical costs play a decisive role in the formation of competitive advantages. Therefore, In the international competition, it has comparative advantages, but in the domestic market, due to economic growth, the expansion of the packaging product market space will attract domestic capital to enter the market competition will intensify, cost, quality, delivery time three elements in the formation of competitive advantage A decisive role. For high-end markets, due to high technical content and high value-added products, China's packaging industry has a low capacity for independent development, has strong dependence on foreign technology and equipment, and is in a disadvantageous position in competition with international capital, and will be subject to a period of time. International competitors.
(2) Packaging equipment industry and raw and auxiliary materials industry are fund-intensive and technology-intensive industries. Technological autonomy, development and innovation capabilities and capital concentration will determine the industry's competitive advantage. As China's packaging industry lacks the ability to develop and innovate in this area, its capital concentration is low, it does not possess international competitive advantages, and it is at a disadvantage in some parts due to the impact of international capital. The commanding heights of China's packaging industry are likely to be controlled by international capital, and international competitiveness will be further weakened.
3 Introducing ERP into packaging companies based on innovation
In the past 10 years, the world economic landscape has undergone major changes. The market has become customer-driven, and the competition of enterprises has become full-scale competition such as Time, Quality, Cost, and Short Term (TQCS). The situation facing the packaging industry in China is an unprecedented challenge, and it is also a golden opportunity. Joining the WTO has injected a powerful impetus for China's reform and opening up, and it also places the industry adjustment and development of the packaging industry in China into a new coordinate reference system. This not only fully exposes the defects of China's packaging industry, but also creates adjustments for the industrial structure. External conditions and pressure. In general, China's packaging industry is a market growth environment that relies on the market's dominant position to expand in quantity, and lacks self-ability, which is mainly reflected in management innovation, technological innovation, and product competitiveness. Only by strengthening China's packaging industry's ability to innovate, can we face the challenges of joining the WTO calmly. Introducing ERP is a wise choice for building packaging companies' innovation capabilities.
(1) Accession to the WTO will bring great uncertainty to the operating environment of packaging companies in China. The packaging industry must base itself on new situations and new challenges, abandon the traditional mode of thinking, stand on the perspective of the information society, conduct a thorough transformation of the enterprise, and establish a speed-benefit management model that flexibly and quickly reflects the needs of customers. The introduction of ERP can reconstruct packaging companies' management models through BPR.
BPT (Business Process Reengineering) is a new management idea proposed by American MIT professor Michael Hammer in the early 1990s. Its basic idea is consistent with ERP's supply chain concept. The basic starting point of BPR is that the design and management of enterprise organizations is The key to improving competitive advantage is to succeed in a fierce competitive environment. Enterprises must inevitably redefine the bottom-up organization and management approach based on the following principles: Corporate organizations are critical to competitive advantage; employee participation is the most important Effective control; All employees can significantly increase value; Horizontal processes are the key to establishing an efficient enterprise organization; Designing enterprise organizations around products and customers; Effective leadership is the key to efficient enterprise organization.
BPR emphasizes customer-oriented, business-oriented processes, and establishes decision-making points in the execution of business processes. It aims at severing consumption, reducing ineffective labor and improving the speed of market response. BPR believes that the design and management of corporate organizations is the key to improving competitive advantage, while flat and horizontal corporate organizations are more conducive to starting from the overall market competition and achieving rapid response and agile circulation. On the basis of adjusting internal and external business processes, suppliers, manufacturing factories, distribution networks, and customers are integrated into a tight supply chain, emphasizing that the overall global optimization is the optimization of individual links or tasks. Through BPR, the following innovations can be obtained: First, establish a knowledge-based enterprise organizational structure that has the ability to create, update, and disseminate knowledge to the entire organization and integrate its knowledge into enterprise products, services, and organization systems. Flexibility and adaptability to the environment provide an organizational platform for efficient corporate actions. Second, based on the requirements of information management, an information management platform oriented to customer needs is established to meet the speed-oriented technical requirements in the information age. Third, establish a new, speed-effective management model.
(2) Due to historical reasons, China's packaging industry has a serious lack of technological innovation capabilities, lack of necessary technical support platform, is an effective way of technological innovation, cooperation between production, teaching and research, and technological innovation can be regarded as a road to technological innovation suited to China's national conditions. To this end, the concept of a dynamic alliance or virtual enterprise (Vitual Orkanization) that was introduced into the ERP, combined with China's national conditions, and technology-based projects that use property rights as a bond to create research, production, research, and joint ventures, is essentially a combination of funding and effective demand around all parties. Realize the internalization of technology transactions and avoid the inefficiency of technological innovation in the past due to the ambiguity of property rights and the deterioration of the legal environment in technical cooperation. Then, the use of capital operations to achieve the diffusion of technology within the industry.
(3) With the development of social informatization and global economic integration, the market environment faced by enterprises has undergone great changes. The factors such as the function, quality, cost, delivery time, service, and environmental characteristics of products have been determined. Product competitiveness. ERP's agile manufacturing approach provides a way for packaging companies to increase product competitiveness.
Agile Manufacturing is a new manufacturing concept. Its three major elements are integrated, fast and highly qualified employees. The starting point of the agile manufacturing concept is based on an analysis of future product and market development. It is believed that the development trend of the future product market is diversification and personalization. Therefore, the requirements for manufacturing technology should be said to be independent of product cost and product type. Emphasis on high-quality employees, that is to create a highly flexible, well-trained, highly capable, highly responsible staff team, and give full play to their role; agile manufacturing requires the cooperation of multiple related companies, the ultimate goal is To enable companies to continuously improve their competitiveness in an unpredictable and continuously changing market environment; agile manufacturing is achieved through dynamic alliances or virtual enterprises; a means and tool to achieve agile manufacturing are manufacturing (Vitual Manufacturing) and virtual manufacturing. Computers complete the entire process from concept design to final implementation of the product.
Through the AM approach, it is possible to optimize the allocation of resources for packaging companies, construct strategic alliances for packaging companies, increase the ability of packaging companies to respond to the market, and more importantly, establish a modern manufacturing awareness that meets the trend and gradually informatize the enterprise. In the transformation of production methods and management modes of enterprises. (Chen Jianguo) (Zhuzhou Institute of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan)
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