There are many problems with determining the redwood species and their names. The middle name of the redwood species is formed during production, distribution, and use. The name of the mahogany timber species must be given a new name after research, regulation and scientification. These names cannot be subjectively judged. They are only screened in past conventions and names, and they are also recognized by people.
First, the name is very much, very chaotic
For the classical furniture materials of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was said in 1962 that it was red sandalwood, huanghuali,
New pears, wenge, ironwood, ebony and mahogany; others say red sandalwood, rosewood, mahogany, elm and ironwood. In 1984, it was said that mainly refers to red sandalwood, Indian rosewood, sacred rosewood, Burmese rosewood and African rosewood, Angola rosewood, Vietnamese rosewood; Dalbergia has hematoxylin; red bean tree has small leaf red bean, red bean tree, wood pod red bean, lychee Leaf red beans, green red beans, flower palm wood, Taiwan red beans and other red bean wood. There are also many people who call the rosewood in the genus, the heartwood is light or reddish, and the heartwood is dark red or purple, called red sandalwood or purple pear. In 1986, it was said to refer to Dalbergia sinensis, Broadleaf Dalbergia, Brazilian Dalbergia, Red Sandalwood, Burmese Red Sandalwood, Andaman Red Sandalwood, Indian Red Sandalwood, Cystic Red Sandalwood and African Red Sandalwood. Most people use mahogany, fragrant mahogany, old mahogany, new mahogany, red sandalwood, Venus rosewood, bovine rosewood, rosewood, new pear, huanghuali, purple pear, red rosewood, black rosewood, white rosewood, ebony, More than 20 names such as chicken wing wood, iron power, copper rough, and iron rough.
Commercially, the species of Dalbergia (including a few species of red sandalwood) are commonly referred to as redwood, which is commonly known as mahogany. But for those who have aroma (such as scented rosewood and broad-leaved rosewood), it is called fragrant mahogany. One of the pears originated from Hainan Island. The local people used to call the fragrant rosewood to be called pear or rosewood, which is commonly used in Guangdong. Some redwoods are called pears, and some have sour taste when sawing. . Guangdong is often referred to as rosewood and rosewood. This is a historical fact. However, at the meeting of the Redwood Standards Exposure Draft, more than 20 participants agreed that although in history, Guangdong rarely used rosewood, but it has been widely spread in Hongmu. In the case of a mahogany, it is still appropriate.
It is not feasible to have a collective name in business activities. It is more appropriate to use the term "redwood" before replacing it with a more appropriate name. Some mahogany owners and manufacturers are concerned that red sandalwood, rosewood, red rosewood, black rosewood and ebony may be reduced under the collective name of redwood, especially the value of red sandalwood. The answer is yes, and will never lower the value of wood such as red sandalwood. From the surface, although the rosewood, etc. is used in the mahogany, it is not called mahogany, it is still called red sandalwood. In this regard, Article 7 of the "Redwood" standard clearly stipulates: "In the business activities, the category to which the wood belongs, the Latin name of the tree species, the generic name and the place of origin must be indicated."
Second, there is the same kind of synonym or the same name
The middle names that have been circulated in the past are all based on experience to identify wood. Although there is a certain degree of correctness, the understanding of wood is not enough, and it is inevitable that the same kind of synonyms or synonyms of the same species will occur.
As early as 1942, G. Ecke said in the wood section of the joinery furniture of the Chinese Rosewood Furniture Picture: "Under the same business name, it seems that there are many different kinds of wood again." Dr. H. Hallori was identified as Cassia siamea Lam; (author's note: the Latin name of the iron wood is Mesua ferrea L., and the name of the iron knife should be Cassia siamea Lam) "but for later forms The slightly different wood that is still available on the market has been identified by Chinese experts as the red bean tree (Ormosia hosiei) in central and western China. At the same time, he believes that "the coffin is the chicken wing wood." Some people also refer to the sandalwood sandalwood in the sandalwood rosewood, and the gums in the heartwood are called Venus rosewood. In fact, they are all the same kind of wood.
Third, there is no correct Latin name
No matter what species of wood the wood name must have the correct Latin name (or scientific name, scientific name), and the premise of wood anatomy. The Latin name of animals and plants is defined by the international nomenclature. The Latin name uses the same Latin text, so it is recognized by the world as the scientific name of the world; and the description and record of the structural features of wood is the only basis for identifying the wood of this tree species. Conversely, wood names that are not based on Latin names and wood structural features are passive water or castles in the air.
Limited to plant taxonomy, especially the level of wood anatomy, the Latin name of the past lack of trees is understandable. According to Tian Jiaqing, foreign scholars also planned to do this research work. Finally, due to the difficulty in drawing from the classical furniture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the expenses were too large, especially the workload was huge, and finally ended in failure.
4. Communicate with classical furniture scholars and experts
Research classical scholars have scholars and experts. Although the research on the modeling process of furniture is very deep and the accomplishment is very high, the name of the furniture material is still used in the past. Although it is the same tree as the name in the "Redwood" national standard, it is a bit out of place.
The mahogany culture includes not only mahogany furniture, ornaments, incense, etc., but also woodcarving artifacts, such as gardens, temples, temples, temples, wall hangings, cabinets, tables and chairs.
In order to better promote the art of Hongmu culture, the author suggests that the National Cultural Relics Bureau take the lead and divide the two professional groups of classical furniture and wood experts. On the one hand, it collects such classic furniture pieces as the Longshuncheng Chinese-style furniture factory (which preserves many pieces of classical furniture acquired in the “Siqing†movement), the Beijing Cultural Relics Bureau and all local museums; on the other hand, it concentrates on 35 classical cultural relics experts. Identification, the consensus Chinese wood and the authors and other experts engaged in wood anatomy to identify their Latin names, and combine the middle names passed down from the past and the Latin names of modern science to fundamentally solve the Chinese classical furniture materials. The name and identification problem also solved whether the Tilite and Gemu are in the category of mahogany.
As for the smuggling of classical furniture by foreigners, it is not uncommon for the unscrupulous people to do so. The relevant departments have done a lot of work to prevent the smuggling of exported cultural relics and have achieved great results. In the book "Selection of New China's Cultural Relics Regulations" published by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Foreign Trade sent a "Several Opinions on the Appraisal Standards for Cultural Relics Exports" on July 12, 1960, on the prohibition of furniture exports. The regulations are: all furniture made of huanghuali, red sandalwood, ebony, and old chicken wing wood, including screens, screens, hanging screens, squatting, seat lights, hanging lights, wall lamps, etc. (not before 1975). The export regulations for woodcarving are: large and small mouths including enamel paint, gold wood and various wood carvings (all will not be exported before 1795). This regulation involves too few species of trees and no Latin name, which is obviously not scientific enough.
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