Spectrophotometer is an instrument that uses spectrophotometry to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze substances. It is a conventional instrument used in modern laboratory testing. Commonly used in accounting, protein quantification, and bacterial growth concentration quantification. In terms of printing and dyeing, we can use a spectrophotometer to measure the percentage of dye uptake during dyeing, and the concentration of additives on woven clothing. It can also be used for color measurement. At the same time, it is also widely used in food testing, pesticide testing and industrial petroleum testing, etc. UV-visible light indexing is widely used in laboratories.
Composition of spectrophotometer
Various types of visible spectrophotometers, in terms of their basic structure, are composed of five parts, namely a light source, a monochromator, a hand basin, a detector, and a signal indicating system. as the picture shows:
Light source → monochromator → absorption cell → detector → signal display system
Basic principle of spectrophotometer
Based on the selective absorption of light of different wavelengths by substances, different substances have their own absorption spectra. When the spectrum of light after dispersion passes a certain solution, some wavelengths of light will be absorbed by the solution. According to Lambert-Beer law, when a beam of parallel monochromatic light is irradiated to a uniform solution of a certain concentration, the degree of decrease in light intensity is proportional to the intensity of the incident light, the concentration of the solution and the length of the transmitted solution, the formula Is: T = I / I0 A = LogI0 / I = Kbc
Among them: T: color transmission ratio I0: incident light intensity A: absorbance I: head color light intensity K: absorption coefficient, 1 / mol / com b: liquid layer thickness, cm C: solution concentration, mol / l
The scope of use of the law of light absorption
The law of light absorption is not only applicable to colored solutions, but also to colorless solutions and non-scattering homogeneous systems of gases and solids. It is not only applicable to monochromatic light in visible light, but also monochromatic light in the ultraviolet and infrared regions, but should be Note that this law only applies to monochromatic light and a range of low-concentration solutions. When the concentration of the solution is too large, the light-transmitting properties change, so that the light absorption of the solution is not proportional to the concentration of the solution. Mixed light with a wide wavelength crossover affects the complementary absorption of light and will also cause errors in the measurement.
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