After more than 50 years of development, the Chinese preschool education industry has formed a considerable scale. According to the education industry market research report, the total number of kindergartens in the country is 130,495. The number of children aged 3-6 in the park is 2,263,850, accounting for 38% of the total number of children, and 62% of the children have no chance to accept. Formal education.
In China, every 67 children have a preschool teacher. The ratio of teachers to students in the full-time kindergartens from 1:6 to 1:7 is far from the national standard. The shortage of preschool teachers, especially the special preschool teachers, is very serious. The current history of early childhood education in China is diverse. What is the prospect of the development of early childhood education in China?
First, the evolution of the early childhood education industry
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, kindergartens were held as a welfare system by the state or the collective, but only covered the children of a few departments. Since China entered the market-oriented economy, enterprises and enterprises have gradually divested social functions, and because of the weak national strength, the new areas of early childhood education have been almost completely pushed to the market. This is the best period for the private kindergarten business environment. However, due to lack of funds, the quality of the operators and the professional insufficiency, private kindergartens have not really formed the competitive pressure on the public parks. The number of private kindergartens is large, the hardware is backward, the quality is not high, and the brand is weak. The localities still occupy the dominant position in public parks. Although their market share is not high, they are extremely high in popularity, cost performance, hard environment and education quality. Reputation.
The reason why private kindergartens have not become the protagonist of the initial marketization, one is that the people's money bags are not yet thick. At the same time, the education standards and authority are still in the hands of the national education department, and private kindergartens do not have the opportunity to compete fairly. Under the dual status of athletes and referees, public kindergartens appear to be calm in the market competition. In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy, the emergence of a large number of middle classes, combined with the cumulative effect of the only child, several adults around a child, thus pushing China into the period of strong demand for early childhood education. This is another golden development period for private kindergartens. This is also an extremely dangerous market turning point.
Second, the development of early childhood education model
China's modern education system, subject setting and curriculum content are mainly from the West. At this time, early childhood education cannot be a field of concern. The private education that has lasted for thousands of years has always been the main form of Chinese enlightenment education. Kindergartens in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China should be strictly nursery or nursery schools, and they are close to blank in education research and development. With the education of a few representatives such as Chen Heqin and Tao Xingzhi, they each put forward their ideas and ideas for early childhood education, and made many useful practical attempts, but compared with Western Montessori experts Maria Montessori, etc. There is no comparison between the breadth and depth of educational research. With the influence of the Cultural Revolution, China's early childhood education has objectively become a simplified version of primary education. The education industry market research report shows that before the 21st century, western preschool education thoughts and education models were gradually introduced by Chinese private kindergartens, which is an inevitable trend of education development and market competition. Montessori, Calvert, John Locke, Spencer, Reggio, Waldorf, Shichida, Ishida, Seidz, Kaman, Stowe, etc., the education of these famous Western preschool teachers Thoughts and educational models have poured into the Chinese preschool market. The flowers are fascinating, and the pattern of preschool education in China is brilliant. However, most of them are short-lived. It is a true portrayal of Westernization education that the soil and water are not convinced, Zhang Guan Li Dai, and Shaben are all wood, and things are human beings and do not conform to national conditions. Although this has greatly promoted the development of domestic early childhood education research, it has not changed the backward situation of China's early childhood education. Private kindergartens have not adopted the code to win the quality competition in the early childhood education market.
Third, the development trend of early childhood education industry
(1) Traditional education
Traditional educational thought is the mainstream thought in China's early childhood education. Although they also think that early childhood education should be different from primary education, there is no essential difference between the two. Kindergarten is a simplified version of elementary school. It is undeniable that the traditional education model has an absolute advantage in the normative, practical and effective teaching. In Henan, for example, almost all of the dominant brands are affiliated kindergartens affiliated with the school, including many kindergartens in private schools. They have the advantage of resources and the educational effect is more prominent. In economically developed areas such as Beijing and Shanghai, the brand influence and recognition of kindergartens also depend on the historical origin and special status of the park. In the traditional education mode, teachers occupy a dominant position, students are subordinate, and excellent teachers and students' perceptions restrict educational effects. This has become a difficult problem that hinders the development of traditional education models.
(2) Montessori Education
The global influence of Montessori education, the systematic and operability of educational theory, and the remarkable effect of educational effects have prompted Montessori to become the Western preschool expert who has the greatest influence on Chinese early childhood education. She reveals a completely different from traditional Chinese. The world of children in education. The Montessori Education Law has a strong personal brand, and since the day of its birth, it has been severely criticized by big educators such as Dewey and Kebo. Its theoretical cornerstone, formal training theory, proved to be flawed as early as the second half of the 19th century. At the same time, the unique teaching effect of Montessori Education has made it popular with parents. It emphasizes the development of consciousness, hands-on operation and attention training. It is an effective learning mode for children to freely choose and promote optimization, but in language development, There was no significant improvement in personality development and imagination shaping. Therefore, the "Chineseization" of Montessori education requires long-term solid theoretical and practical research.
(3) Early education
Early childhood education centers such as Baby Friendly and Baby, relying on the systematic theory of Western early education experts, have used the colorful early education form to create a new high-end market for infants and young children in China from 0-3 years old. Features: high profit, low cost; simplification of business model and rapid development of the market; chain operation promotes scale. They are rich in capital and have the resources to become an emerging force that cannot be ignored in the kindergarten market. However, the future weakness is precisely the early education mode that they are proud of. The early education theory and practice activities lack effective argumentation, the form of education is too commercialized, the education process is too pleasing to parents, and the educational effect is not verified. The form and content of early education are not separated from the traditional category. If they do not overcome the simple, impetuous, and rash education attitude, they are destined to become the marginal role of the preschool market.
(4) Bilingual education
The enthusiasm of Chinese for English and the long-term shortage of foreign teachers resources will be the root of the high cost of bilingual education. A 100,000-year-old aristocratic kindergarten in Nanjing is a foreign teacher, using all-weather foreign teachers, Chinese-foreign mixed classes, gamification teaching, and large-scale performance dramas to attract high-end families. Grasping the sensitive period of infants and young children and effectively promoting the development of foreign language ability is an educational goal with strong market demand. Although the language atmosphere is the optimal growth model for infants and young children, the high cost of foreign teachers makes it an impossible educational choice. How to get rid of the adult learning English model and establish a feasible low-cost learning model suitable for the development of foreign language language for infants and young children is an educational topic that the early childhood education community is striving to explore.
(5) Genius education
Genius education is an educational model implemented by American legislation. It is also called gift education. The essence is self-education. It is an educational idea that uses the students' own talents combined with a good learning environment to accelerate individual development. There is no forced education or indulgent education in gift education. It is a kind of student-centered education. It recognizes individual differences and advocates equality and individuality. Equality in education is achieved by advocating the use of unequal education to treat students with different talents. Personalized education is actually elite education. If Chinese private schools want to change the dominant position of public schools, they will only have the opportunity to fundamentally change their situation if they set off a revolutionary storm in the field of education and occupy the commanding heights of education.
If private schools can take advantage of the leading education model to obtain breakthroughs in the kindergarten market, the huge market and high profits of the early childhood education industry will certainly lead to a fast-growing education group. The follow-up education in kindergartens will also follow up naturally. With the expansion of chain operations, this systematic education company will spread all over the country. There are very few kindergartens in the kindergarten education industry in China, and more are only in the shallow market of market operations, brand operations, personnel training, and teaching aids. The analysis of China's early childhood education industry's operating conditions and investment prospects indicates that the imbalance in China's economic development determines that private kindergartens have at least 10-30 years of development. It is the dream of every entrepreneur and educator to use the development opportunities given by this history to grow into an education group company that affects China for a hundred years. Only by dare to innovate, to stand on the forefront, to be united in one mind, and to accumulate a lot of talents, can we achieve the development goals of supernormal, leapfrogging and grouping, and create a century-old brand.
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