Natural turf drainage is crucial for a football field, as it ensures that the game can continue even during or after rain. To achieve this, an effective design plan is essential, combined with precise construction techniques and high-quality materials to guarantee optimal performance.
The site’s drainage system includes three main components: surface slope drainage, soil bed drainage, and forced drainage.
Surface slope drainage is the primary method, relying on the natural gradient of the field to direct water away. The overall slope is typically illustrated in Figure 2.2.23.1. During construction, each layer of the grass bed must be built separately, with careful attention to the slope of each level to ensure proper water flow. Rolling and trimming should be done carefully to avoid uneven surfaces. A 5m x 5m grid is used to measure and control the thickness and slope of each layer.
Soil bed drainage involves water moving through the layers of the grass bed into the underlying soil. Each layer should be laid and compacted individually, and materials must remain clean to prevent clogging. Excessive mud, especially in the gravel layer, can reduce permeability. If the mud content exceeds 5%, it may hinder drainage. Additionally, blind ditches are often used to enhance drainage. Their construction requires precision; if not done properly, they may not function as intended. The trench should not be too wide or deep, and the slope along the ditch must be maintained. When installing the drainage pipes, they should be straightened and placed evenly. Gravel is then added around the pipe in layers to protect it from damage. After backfilling, a steel grate is inserted and gently shaken to settle the gravel.
Forced drainage is commonly used in areas with heavy rainfall. Unlike gravity-based drainage, this method uses underground pipes connected to a pump station. Water seeping into the gravel layer is drawn up through filter pipes and pumped out of the field. This system is ideal for professional football fields where consistent play is required. The installation involves placing filter pipes between two blind ditches, connecting them via threaded joints, and leading them to a main pipe. The excavation should have a 1% gradient, and the area should be backfilled with gravel rather than soil. Figures 2.2.23.3 and 2.2.23.4 illustrate the layout and installation process.
The advantage of forced drainage is its speed, allowing games to continue even in wet conditions. However, it is more expensive and cannot fully solve drainage issues on its own. It works best when combined with the other two methods—surface and soil bed drainage—to ensure comprehensive and efficient water removal.
Electric Lifting Table
This sit-stand desk converter sits on top of your existing desk and allows you to work comfortably from either a sitting or standing position.
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