On Bionics in Industrial Design (I)

Foreword

The natural world is full of lively “excellent design” examples. For designers, it is an inexhaustible "design database." Such as inanimate mountains and rivers, live animals and animals, and colorful flowers and trees, in addition to the rich shape, the brilliant colors also give people a visually incomparable enjoyment. After undergoing the natural evolution of the law of survival of the fittest for millions of years, these animals and plants not only fully adapt to nature, but also their evolution is close to perfect. These natural "excellent designs" are fully functional and impressive; some are exquisite in structure, reasonable in materials, in conformity with the economic principles of nature; others are beautiful, people can hardly put it down; some are even formed according to certain mathematical principles. It conforms to the requirement of "maximum reasonable space" with "minimum material". The strange and unique skills of these creatures are thought-provoking and imaginative. Apart from our admiration, can we get some inspiration from these subtle designs? The answer is yes.

First, the history of the bionic

In the distant past, human beings seem to realize that they can realize the true essence of their own survival, development and progress from the natural ecosystem. From the time of ignorance to human civilization, mankind has developed on the basis of imitating and adapting to the laws of nature. Looking back at the history of ancient civilizations in China, it is not difficult to see that people left trails that mimic the natural ecology earlier. From the primitive dragons built by ancient primitive people, the "images of people's hearts and minds" such as human face birds, to the practical utensils of various animal forms in real life, such as cow-shaped lamps, pigs, eagle-shaped pots, etc. . From the mythical and legendary people's feathering rise, Lu Ban from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period “combed” the principle of sawing from the blade tooth edge, and a large number of cases described people's creative imitation of the external life forms and functions of natural life. .

In other countries, when people saw birds fly freely in the sky, people in the past could fly like birds, so they used various methods to imitate birds. After a long period of time, from the initial wooden trapeze development to today's supersonic aircraft, we finally realized the dream of human beings flying freely on the blue sky. Leonardo da Vinci is considered the father of modern bionics. In about 1500 AD, after completing the model of the bird's wing, he also drew a series of sketches of unachievable flying equipment. After about 400 years, Otto succeeded. He successfully flew 250 meters on the gliders made with his wings, and he also won the title of "The Father of Gliders." The bamboo poles we play at a time are the trends of modern helicopters. All along, many researchers are constantly trying to apply the analogy of nature's morphology and function to science.

It can be seen that the natural thinking of the human teacher has a long history. This has led to the birth of bionics. Bionics has been developed between the biological sciences and the technical sciences. It imitates the principle of biological systems to build a new edge of the technical system. Subject. Biomimicry is just like "bridge" and "tie", linking biological science and technology science. Bionic design is developed on the basis of bionics. It is based on bionics and studies the features, characteristics, morphology, structure, and color of natural biological systems, and selectively applies these principles and features in the design process.

The famous German industrial designer Luigi Korani is a strong advocate and practitioner of the bionic design theory. His philosophy of design philosophy, which bears a sense of human responsibility, and the design concept that calls for the harmony and unity of human society and nature, all have Extremely epoch-making significance. His vivid bionic design principles and methods, strong modeling ideas and highly exuberant vitality designs have successfully influenced future generations of designers.

Using bionic thinking to design can be used as a meeting point between human social production activities and the natural world, so that human society and nature reach a high degree of harmony and unity, and bionic design is gradually becoming the general trend of industrial design development.

Bionics in modern industrial design

The main body of modern social civilization is man and machine. Human beings began to reflect on this situation caused by the ecological imbalance caused by this civilization and sought to find new ways to establish a dialogue platform between man and nature and machines. The symbiotic philosophical view strongly calls for a rational relationship between man and machine, ecological nature and man-made nature. Construct and create a high degree of harmony between human society and nature. Then, the natural bionic design of the teacher and the law is a good strategy and a new idea.

Bionic design is the process of people learning from nature for a long period of time. After accumulating experience, they choose and improve their functions and forms to create more excellent man-made objects. Especially in today's information age, people's requirements for product design are different from those in the past. They not only pay attention to the excellent features of the functions, but also pursue a fresh and simple form. At the same time, they pay attention to the return to nature and personality of the products. Advocating bionic design not only creates products with complete functions, exquisite structure, reasonable materials, and exquisite products, but also gives the product form a symbol of life, allowing the design to return to nature and enhance the unity of humans and nature.

Luigi Korani, a famous German design master, once said: "The foundation of design should come from the truth that life born in nature presents." This statement shows that nature is a secret that contains endless design treasures. The bionics in modern industrial design are summarized in the following aspects:

1, the bionic form

The morphology can be divided into figurative forms and abstract forms from the perspective of the fidelity and characteristics of the things they reproduce.

1) Bionic Bionic Form

The figurative form is a physiological natural reaction through the eye structure, and honestly reflects the shape of the outside world into the eye membrane to stimulate the nerve and feel the existence of the form. It is more realistic to reproduce the shape of things. Due to the fact that the figurative form has a good taste, cuteness, organicity, affinity, and naturalness, people are generally happy to accept it, and there are many applications for toys, handicrafts, and daily necessities. However, due to the complexity of its form, many industrial products should not adopt the figurative form.

2) Bionics of abstract forms

The abstract form reflects the unique essential features of things with a simple form. When this form acts on a person, it will have a “psychic” form. This “psychological” form requires the accumulation of life experience. After the association and the like, the form emerges in the mind. It is an illusory, unreal shape. However, this shape is subject to individual subjective emotions of happiness, grief, and sorrow. The shape changes and colors are abundant, which is different from the physiological sense.