The naked mole rat is a rodent living underground. It is small and hairless by nature. Despite its 30-year lifespan, it has never been known to have cancer. A research team led by Seluanov and Gorbunova found that these rodents are protected from cancer because their tissues are very rich in high molecular weight hyaluronic acid
After biologists noticed that a sticky substance in the culture of naked mole rats blocked the vacuum pump and test tubes, they began to focus on HMW-HA. They observed that, unlike naked mole rat cultures, cell cultures from humans, mice, and guinea pigs are not sticky.
"We need to understand what a sticky substance is," Seluanov said.
Gorbunova and Seluanov identified this substance as HMW-HA, so they further tested the possible role of HMW-HA in the anti-cancer of nude mole rats.
Seluanov and Gorbunova subsequently confirmed that the cells became susceptible to cancer when HMW-HA was removed, confirming that this chemical did indeed play a role in preventing naked mole rats from developing cancer. The University of Rochester research team identified a gene called HAS2, which led to the production of HMW-HA in naked mole rats. Surprisingly, the naked mole rat's HAS2 gene is different from this gene in all other animals. In addition, naked mole rats reuse HMW-HA at a very slow rate, which helps the accumulation of HMW-HA in animal tissues.
In the next step, the researchers will test the effect of HMW-HA in mice. If the test goes well, Seluanov and Gorbunova hope to try to test this chemical on human cells. "There is indirect evidence that HMW-HA will work in humans. It is used for anti-wrinkle injections and to relieve knee arthritis pain without any adverse effects. We hope it can also induce an anti-cancer response. "
"Many cancer studies have focused on animals that are prone to cancer. We believe that by studying animals that do not have cancer, it is possible to learn strategies to prevent tumors."
In previous studies, Seluanov and Gorbunova confirmed that the p16 gene in naked mole rats stops cell proliferation when too many cells are packed together. In their latest research work, two biologists identified HMW-HA as a chemical substance that activates the anti-cancer response of the p16 gene.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) can soften tissues and help heal. A high concentration of HA was found in the skin of naked mole rats. Biologists speculate that these rodents produce higher levels of HA in their skin to adapt to living in underground cave passages.
In future research, the laboratories of Seluanov and Gorbunova will focus on determining whether HMW-HA from naked mole rats may have clinical value for the treatment or prevention of human cancer.
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